Thermochemistry and Kinetics
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16 Terms
enthalpy
the amount of thermal energy emitted or absorbed by a chemical reaction, under conditions of constant pressure
thermal energy
a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature
joule
SI unit of energy
vaporization
when a liquid or solid changes into a gas
kinetic energy
energy of motion
law of conservation of energy
energy cannot be created or destroyed
hess's law
overall enthalpy change in a reaction is equal to the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps in the process
activation energy
Energy needed to get a reaction started
specific heat
the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of a substance 1 degree Celsius
temperature
the measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance
Endothermic
(of a chemical reaction or compound) occurring or formed with absorption of heat
Exothermic
Chemical Reaction in which energy is primarily given off in the form of heat
Kinetic Molecular Theory
the theory that all matter is composed of particles (atoms and molecules) moving constantly in random directions
Phase Change Diagram
a diagram that shows how the phase of a substance changes with temperature.
catalyst
substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
Collision Theory
For a reaction to occur, the particles must collide, they must collide with the appropriate orientation, and they must collide with sufficient energy.