Exam 3 Practice questions

The cell walls of most fungi are composed of

chitin

The septum of a fungus is

A cross wall that separates hyphae into cells.

A scientist is working with fungi in his lab and manipulates the fungi so that plasmogamy can occur, but karyogamy cannot occur. Explain what would happen with the fungi in this new circumstance.

cells would fuse but maintain separate nuclei

which of the following are functions of decomposer fungi.

Breakdown of leaf litter, breakdown of wood, breakdown of dead animals, recycling of essential nutrients, and breakdown of pathogenic bacteria. ( Breakdown of organic materials and recycling of essential nutrients)

In an existing population of plants and mycorrhizae, disease strikes, and the mycorrhizae are killed. Which of the following would be impacted?

The water supply to the plant, the availability of mineral nutrients to the plant, the binding of the soil and erosion.

conidia are sexual spores produced by mushrooms

Flase

The fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis was only discovered in 1998, but it has been blamed for the death of millions of amphibians around the globe. It is aquatic, and its flagellated zoospores have the ability to use chemotaxis to swim towards an amphibian, where it burrows into the skin and secretes enzymes to dissolve the tissue and absorb small organic molecules from it.

What nutritional strategy does this fungus use?

osmotrophy

After one rainy day, suddenly there are mushrooms all over the lawn! What can explain their sudden appearance?

The fungal mycelium had been living underground, and the fruiting body formed rapidly above ground

What is a unifying feature of animals?

They have similar small subunit rRNA gene sequences

why are choanoflagellates considered to be the ancestors of animals

Molecular data

Bilateral are characterized by

a plane of symmetry that forms mirror images around a vertical plane in the midline

what is cephalization

Concentration of the sensory organs on the anterior end of the body

Germ layers are

embryonic layers which will develop into different body tissues

Triploblastic refer to animals that

have three germ layers

coelomates are

animals that have a true coelom

You are given an embryo with eight cells and you carefully separate them and allow them to develop in separate containers. Each of the cells forms a complete embryo that develops normally into an adult animal. How would you categorize your animal?

it has indeterminate cleavage

all the phyla that are considered to be lophotrochozoans

platyhelminthes, mollusca, annelida,

What is the primary characteristic that groups phyla within the ecdysozoa

They undergo ecdysis, or molting of their exoskeleton.

You are examining a new animal species. You find that you can pass a line through any longitudinal plane and find equal halves. Evaluate the symmetry of this animal.

Radial

A pseudocoelom is a cavity that develops into the coelom during embryonic development

Flase A pseudocoelom is a body cavity that is partially lined with mesoderm but not fully surrounded by it.

A hydrostatic skeleton has no bones or cartilage

true

Gastrulation is brought about by an inward folding of the bastula

True

The choanocytes have a flagellum that moves water through the sponge and a collar that extracts food particles from the water. In what group have you encountered very similar cells before?

The choanoglagellates

Characterize the life cycle of cnidarians

Some have only polyps, some have both polyps and medusae, and others have medusae and a reduced polyp stage.

Describe the characteristics of the Phylum Platyhelminthes. Check all that apply.

• They are acoelomate.

• They exchange respiratory gases through the body wall.

• They are triploblastic

Select all of the following that are true about cephalopods.

They are very intelligent and are capable of learning by observation, They may be very large and can weigh over 1000 pounds, and they have a closed circulatory system

What is the advantage to the segmentation that is exemplified in the phylum annelida?

Vital structures are repeated in each segment, the annelid may still survive if on segment is damaged, locomotion is more efficient, and segments can be specialized

The change of a larval form of insect to a different adult form is known as

Complete metamorphosis

All of the following that are characteristics of crustaceans

Two pairs of antennae, maxillary glands, calcium carbonate deposited in the exoskeleton, external fertilization

what is the route of water in the water vascular system of a starfish

Water enters through the madreporite into the ring canal and from thence into the radial canals to the ampullae and finally into the tube feet.

Select all of the following that are characteristics of chordates.

Notochord, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, post-anal tail

The invertebrate group most closely related to the vertebrate is the

urochordates

Although a medusa and a polyp look different, they have similar body plans

True

Tagmata are segments of the body that represent two or more previous body segments fused together

True

Echinoderms have an exoskeleton

True

Evolutionarily, the jaws of vertebrates developed from

The third pharyngeal arch of jawless fishes

Which are tetrapods

Frogs, birds, humans, lungfish

Select the features that are lacking in amphibians but present in reptiles and that confer an advantage to reptiles for living on land.

Amniotic eggs and waterproof skin and ability to concentrate urine

Animals capable of producing their own body heat by way of metabolism and of retaining it are said to be

Endothermic

Which are characteristics that distinguish mammals from other vertebrates? Check all that apply.

Hair, endothermy, specialized teeth, mammary glands

Eutherian mammals are uniquely defined by

their ability to give live birth after a prolonged gestation period, supported by a complex placenta.

Sharks have cartilaginous skeletons because bone-forming ability had not yet evolved in vertebrate when they originated

True

A frog loses its ability to undergo buccal pumping. What must happen to compensate for this loss

The exchange of gases through the skin must increase

Millipedes have a thousand legs whereas centipedes have only a hundred legs

True

Animals that lack a vertebral column are known as

invertebrates.