Level 3: CH 7 Human Skeletal System – Bones & Landmarks

Vocabulary flashcards covering major bones and anatomical landmarks of the human skeletal system referenced in the lecture notes.

Cranium

The skull; bony structure enclosing the brain.

Frontal Bone

Forehead portion of the skull.

Parietal Bones

Bones forming the superior and lateral walls of the skull.

Occipital Bone

Posterior-inferior part of the skull; contains the foramen magnum.

Foramen Magnum

Large opening in the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes.

Temporal Bones

Lateral skull bones around the ears; house the mastoid processes.

Mastoid Process

Prominent projection of the temporal bone behind the ear.

Mandible

Lower jawbone; only movable skull bone.

Maxilla

Upper jawbone that holds the upper teeth.

Vertebral Column

The spine; series of vertebrae extending from skull to pelvis.

Intervertebral Foramen

Openings between adjacent vertebrae for spinal nerves.

Cervical Vertebrae

Neck bones; first seven vertebrae (C1–C7).

Thoracic Vertebrae

Mid-back bones; twelve vertebrae articulating with ribs (T1–T12).

Lumbar Vertebrae

Lower-back bones; five large vertebrae (L1–L5).

Sacrum

Triangular bone at posterior pelvis, formed by fused vertebrae.

Coccyx

Tailbone; small fused vertebrae at the base of the spine.

Ribs

Curved bones forming the rib cage and protecting thoracic organs.

Sternum

Breastbone located at the center of the chest.

Sternal Angle

Joint between manubrium and body of sternum; clinical landmark.

Clavicle

Collarbone connecting sternum to scapula.

Scapula

Shoulder blade; flat triangular bone on posterior thorax.

Acromion

Bony projection on scapula forming the high point of the shoulder.

Humerus

Upper-arm bone extending from shoulder to elbow.

Radius

Lateral forearm bone (thumb side).

Ulna

Medial forearm bone (little-finger side).

Carpal Bones

Eight small wrist bones.

Metacarpal Bones

Five hand bones between carpals and phalanges.

Phalanges (Hand)

Finger bones; proximal, middle, and distal segments.

Pelvis

Bony ring formed by hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx.

Ilium

Superior portion of hip bone; includes the iliac crest.

Iliac Crest

Curved upper ridge of the ilium; palpable hip bone margin.

Ischium

Inferior-posterior part of the hip bone; supports body when sitting.

Pubic Bone

Anterior part of the hip bone meeting at the pubic symphysis.

Femur

Thigh bone; longest bone in the body.

Greater Trochanter

Large lateral projection of the femur serving as muscle attachment.

Patella

Kneecap; sesamoid bone in the quadriceps tendon.

Tibia

Shin bone; larger medial bone of the lower leg.

Fibula

Slender lateral bone of the lower leg.

Tarsal Bones

Seven ankle bones, including the talus and calcaneus.

Calcaneus

Heel bone; largest tarsal bone.

Metatarsal Bones

Five long bones of the foot between tarsals and phalanges.

Phalanges (Foot)

Toe bones; proximal, middle (except big toe), and distal segments.