Pelvis Muscles - Posterior Abdominal Wall, Pelvic Floor, Pelvic Wall, Gluteal Muscles, Muscles Crossing the Hip Joint

psoas major

O: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae/spine
I: lesser trochanter of the femur
F: flexor of the thigh, side bending (lateral bending), trunk flexion

psoas minor

O: vertebral body of T12-L1 vertebrae

I: iliopubic eminence and pectinal line of the pubis
F: weak trunk flexion and lateral trunk flexion (absent in 40% of cases)

iliacus

O: iliac fossa, iliac crest, ala of the sacrum

I: lesser trochanter of the femur via iliospoas tendon
F: prime mover for flexion, trunk movement side bending/lateral flexion

quadratus lumborum

O: iliac crest

I: transverse processes L1-L4 and lower portion of the 12th rib
F: lateral flexion (unilateral)

levator ani muscles

iliococcygeus

pubococcygeus

puboanalis

puboanalis/rectalis

levator ani

O: posterior aspect of the body of the pubis

I: fibers of muscles of anorectal junction
F: acts as structural support

iliococcygeus

levator ani

O: ischial spine

I: coccyx
F: stability and support to adjacent pelvic structures and organs, resists pressure, opens/closes levator ani hiatus

pubococcygeus

levator ani

O: posterior aspect of the pubic bone bodies

I: coccyx
F: stability and support to adjacent pelvic structures and organs

coccygeus

O: ischial spine

I: anterolateral portions of sacrum and coccyx
F: supporting pelvic organs, supporting coccyx (pulls coccyx forward after being pulls posteriorly for defecation/child birth)

piriformis

O: anterior and lateral surface of the sacrum

I: superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur
F: external (lateral) rotation of coxafemoral (hip) joint

obturator internus

O: obturator foramen membrane
I: greater trochanter of the femur
F: external (lateral) rotation of the coxafemoral (hip) joint

gluteus maximus

O: posterior aspects of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx
I: tubercle of IT band on the tibia and femur
F: external (lateral) rotation of the coxafemoral (hip) joint; extends and abducts the hip joint (i.e., extension)

gluteus medius

O: ilium (A/P gluteal lines)
I: greater trochanter of the femur
F: internal (medial) rotation of the coxafemoral (hip) joint

gluteus minimus

O: ilium ( A/I gluteal lines)
I: anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur
F: internal (medial) rotation) of coxafemoral (hip) joint

gemellus superior

O: ischial spine
I: greater trochanter of the femur
F: external (lateral) rotation of the coxafemoral (hip) joint; laterally rotates and transversely abducts at the hip joint

gemellus inferior

O: ischial tuberosity
I: greater trochanter of the femur
F: external (lateral) rotation of the coxafemoral (hip) joint

quadratus femoris

O: ischial tuberosity
I: femur
F: external (lateral) rotation of the coxafemoral (hip) joint

obturator externus

O: external surface of the obturator foramen membrane
I: femur
F: external (lateral) rotation of the coxafemoral (hip) joint

tensor fascia lata

O: anterior superior iliac crest (ASIS)
I: iliotibial tract
F: internal (medial) rotation of the coxafemoral (hip) joint; abduction