Maddie Robinson Chapter 1- Introduction to Anatomy

what does ana- mean?

up

What does tome- mean

cutting

What is the definition of anatomy?

• scientific study of body structures (morphology) and development

• cutting up

Who was Andreas Vesalius?

father of anatomy

What is the nomina anotmica?

anatomic names; universal/agree on all anatomical terms of the body

What is the definition of physiology?

• scientific study of how the body functions (biochemical processes)

• understanding chemical and physical functions

What are the levels of organization within the human body?

1. chemical

2. cellular

3. tissue

4. organ

5. organ system

6. organism

What is gross anatomy?

study of body structures to the visible/naked eye; no magnifications needed

What is surface anatomy?

study of internal structures as they related to overlying skin surface (ie. palpating)

What does palpate mean?

to touch or to feel

What is radiological anatomy?

visualization of anatomy through scans

What is systemic anatomy?

study of organ systems and their functions/how they work together

What is histology?

the study of tissues

What is cytology?

the study of cells

What is embryology?

the study of embryos (pre-natal life)

What is teratology?

the study of birth defects

What is a zygote?

a fertilized ovum

What is comparative anatomy?

the study of different anatomical structure variation by species

What does patho- mean?

abnormal/diseased

What is superior?

cranial; toward the head

What is inferior?

caudal; near the tail-end

What is anterior/ventral?

towards the front of the body

What is posterior/dorsal?

towards the back of the body

What is medial?

towards the middle of the body

What is lateral?

away from the middle of the body; sides

What is proximal?

nearer to the torso

What is distal?

farther from the torso

What is superficial?

external; towards the surface of the body

What is deep?

inrernal; deep within the body

What is parietal?

the walls of a cavity

What is visceral?

covering of an organ

What is supine?

on back, ie. sit-ups

What is prone?

on belly; ie. push-ups

What is the midsagittal section?

divides body into left and right

What is the frontal (coronal) section?

divides body into front and back

What is the transverse (cross-) section?

divides body into top and bottom

What is the dorsal body cavity?

back of the body; cranial and vertebral

What is the cranial cavity?

contains the brain

What is the vertebral (spinal) cavity?

contains spinal cord and beginnings of spinal nerves

What is the thoracic (pleural) cavity?

chest cavity with the heart and lungs

What is the abdominal (peritoneum) cavity?

contains stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and most of large intestine

What is the pelvic cavity?

contains urinary bladder, part of large intestine, and reproduction organs

What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

diaphragm muscle

What is the cephalic region?

head (cranial/skull and facial/face)

What is the cervical region?

neck

What is the pectoral region?

anterior chest wall (front)

What is the mammary region?

breast

What is the brachial region?

arm

What does ante- mean?

in front of

What is the cubital region?

elbow

What is the carpal region?

wrist

What is the inguinal region?

groin

What is the crural region?

leg

What is the patellar region?

anterior surface of knee (front)

What is the pedal?

foot (tarsal/ankle digital/phalanges/toes)

What is the occipital region?

base of skull

What is the popliteal region?

hollow behind knee

What is the calcaneal?

heel

abdomin/o

abdomen

acr/o

extremity

aden/o

gland

angi/o

vessel

arthr/o

joint

cardi/o

heart

chondr/o

cartillage

cyst/o

bladder (sac)

cyt/o

cell

dent/o

tooth

dermat/o

skin

derm/o

skin

duoden/o

duodenum (part of small intestine)

gastr/o

stomach

hepat/o

liver

laryn/go

larynx (voice box)

my/o

muscle

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

oste/o

bone

ot/o

ear

path/o

disease

pneumon/o

lung

rhin/o

nose

stomat/o

mouth

thorac/o

thorax (chest)