Lab Values

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

10-20mg/dL

Measures amount of urea nitrogen in the blood related to metabolic function of the liver and excretory function of the kidneys

Calcium

9-10.5 mg/dL

Evaluates parathyroid function and calcium metabolism by directly measuring the amount of calcium in the blood

Creatinine (serum)

0.5-1.2 Mg/dL

Measures amount of creatinine in the blood excreted by kidneys, so directly proportional to renal excitatory function. Diagnosis impaired rebal function of disorders

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

12-18 g/dL

Measures total amount of hemoglobin in the peripheral blood

Decreased: anemia

Increased: erythrocytosis

Also associated with sickle cell

Magnesium (Mg+)

1.3-2.1 mEq/L

Organ function depend on magnesium low magnesium could indicate cardiac irritability and cardiac arrythmias in cardiac patients

decrease due to malnutrition

increase due to antacid

Phosphorus

3-4.5 mg/dL

Exists as phosphate inorganic phosphate measured inverse relationship with calcium. Absorption is efficient and only rarely hypophosphatemia caused by GI malabsorption

Sa02 (oxygen saturation arterial)

95-100%

Indication of the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with 02

In this range tissue adequately provided with 02

Under 70% tissues can’t carry out vital functions

Potassium

3.5-5 mEq/L

Minor changes can have significant consequences major cation within cell

Blood, urine tests

Specific gravity (urine)

1.005-1.030

Measurements of the concentration of particles including wastes and elctrolytes

High: concentrated

low: dilute

weight of urine

Sodium

136-145 mEq/L

Major determinants of extracellular osmolality balance between dietary sodium intake and renal excretion

Aldosterone: conserve sodium

Naturiuretic: release

ADH: controls resorption of water

Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG, FBS)

74-106 mg/dL

Used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus and its treatment measured through fingerstick using glucose meter

Hemocrit (HCT)

37-52%

Measures total percentage of the blood volume total that is made up by the BBCs

Decreased: anemia

Increased: erythrocyusis