L6-7 Parenting styles and prison

Flashcards covering parenting styles, their outcomes, and comparisons of incarceration systems and rehabilitation.

Parenting Style Warmth Assessment

Parent takes time to explain why, provides encouragement, and is involved in child’s life.

Parenting Style Control Assessment

Parent sets limits and monitors child’s whereabouts.

Authoritative Parenting

High warmth, high control; leads to self-confident and self-controlled children. Most positive outcomes.

Authoritarian Parenting

Low warmth, high control; may result in anxious, withdrawn, or defiant children.

Permissive Parenting

High warmth, low control; may lead to poorer school performance and difficulties with impulse control. Still self confiedent with good social competence.

Uninvolved Parenting

Low warmth, low control; associated with poorer school performance, social competence, and self-esteem.

Coercive (authoratarian) parenting outcomes

Summed up not good, causes behavioural, social and health problems.

Can parenting style be predicted before birth of child?

Yes, based on how parents feel about themselves, the quality of relationship with own parents, and their ‘roles’ in their families of origin.

Life stressors that affect parenting behaviour

Poverty, unemployment, and divorce.

what sorts of parenting helps kids?

Maternal Sensitivity and mother-child bond

Partially due to infant temperament. Parental training that enhanced parental sensitivity also enhanced mother-child bond. Has positive long term effects.

Effective Parenting Methods

Induction methods, time out, distraction, modeling positive behaviors, and anger management for parents. Reasonable expectations, and helping kids take responsibility for their actions.

Influence of Child Characteristics

Difficult children potentially leads to more controlling and less warm parenting. Children at genetic risk for antisocial behaviour elecit more negative parenting.

Prison System Emphasis in the U.S.

Large emphasis on punishment in addition to rehabilitation. Highest incarceration rate in the world and cost 8 billion to run. Very tough on crime, violent crime rate is decresing yet life sentances are increasing.

Prison in NZ

More maori sent to prison than non maori for the same crime (prejudice).

Poverty on crime and child abuse

Crime occurs when people live in porverty, to reduce crime and child abuse reduce poverty.

Focus of Norwegian Prisons

Emphasizes rehabilitation rather than punishment, with officers acting as role models and mentors. Cheaper to run, and less people in prison. Less people are re-imprisoned after release.

Why do Norwegian prisons work?

US prisons control and punish (authoritarian). Norwegian controls, but with respect, and focus on rehabilitation (authoratative). Showing authoritarian parenting doesnt work for adults either.

Effectiveness of Boot Camps

They don’t work. It is authoritarian= bad. But they are still around because they apeal to politicians wanting to look tough on crime, they apeal to common sense and evidence can be avoided.

Death penalty vs no death penalty.

Death penalty does not detter murder

Cognitive-behavioral and behavioural treatment

More effective treatment for young offenders than other types of programmes. Non-behavioural have no signifficant positive effect. Boot camp like was the worst.

Coercive Parenting/Approaches

Eg prisons, boot camps, does not produce good outcomes. Control is warranted but ‘tough on crime’ and ‘tough love’ doesnt work