lab test 3

cranial nerves numbered

frontal lobes

parietal lobe

temporal lobe

occipital lobe

longitudinal fissure

separates left and right cerebral hemispheres

extends along the midsagittal plane

falx cerebri is found here

corpus callosum

connects L/R cerebral hemispheres and is their main mode of communication

last resort tx for seizures is to sever corp[us callosum

cerebellum and arbor vitae

Little brain

Arbor vitae: tree of life

Cerebellum is responsible for muscle memory, equilibrium, posture, proprioception

Pons

Brainstem includes: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Medulla Oblongata

Continuous with spinal cord, motor tracts cross to the opposite side of the brain

police snipers aim for tip of the nose or base of ear lobe

functions include sensory relay for cranial nerves, relay for thalamus, cardiac center, vasomotor center, respiratory center

Ventricles

Little cavity

Ventricles are continuous with each other and with the central canal of the spinal cord

4 ventricles: lateral (x2), 3rd, 4th

Lateral: largest

3rd: located within diencephalon (w/ thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

4th: between the pons and the cerebellum. Narrows at the caudal end before merging with the central canal in the spinal cord

choroid Plexi

in all ventricles

formed by ependymal cells that line the ventricles and nearby blood capillaries

Meninges

connective tissue that surround and separate portions of the brain

dura mater, arachonoid mater, pia mater

dura mater

tough mother

most superficial layer

extends as flat partitions in the cranial cavity at several locations providing additional support

Dura Mater - falx xerebri

in midsagittal plane

anterior attach- crista galli

posterior attach- superior portion of tentorium cerebelli

Dura Mater - tentorium cerebelli

tent, little brain

separates occipital lobe and temporal lobe from cerebellum

Arachnoid mater

spider mother

delicate web of collage and elastic fiber

Pia Mater

delicate mother

deepest layer of cranial meninges

delicate connective tissue adheres to brain tightly, difficult to distinguish from brain

Optic nervies, optic chiasm, optic tract

optic= to see, chiasm= x-shaped, optic nerves- cn II

Optic nerves enter the optic foramen and then converge to form the optic chiams

Optic Chiasm is superior to sella turcica and pituitary gland

Olfactory bulb

Olfactory Tract

Left Atrium

Right Atrium

R/L Auricles

Left Ventricle (closed/open)

Right Ventricle (closed/open)

Tricuspid

Bicuspid

Pulmonary Semilunary Valve

Aortic Semilunar Valve

Chordae Tendineae

Papillary Muslces

Trabeculae Carneae

Pulmonary Arteries

Pulmonary Veins

Pulmonary Trunk and Pulmonary Artery

Pulmonary Arteries

Aorta (asceneding/arch)

aortic arch: 3 arteries that arise from the aortic arch

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian

Brachiocephalic trunk: 2 arteries that branch off the trunk

Brachiocephalic trunk, right common carotid artery, right subclavian artery

internal/external carotid artery

descending thoracic aorta

Descending abdominal aorta

L/R common iliac artery

internal/external iliac arteries

femoral artery

L/R pulmonary veins

Superior vena cava

internal jugular vein

L/R Brachiocephalic vein

inferior vena cava

R/L common iliac veins

internal/external iliac veins

Femoral Vein

Great Saphenous vein

Spleen

largest organ in the lymphatic system. it is an important organ for keeping bodily fluids balanced, but it is possible to live without it. the spleen is located under the ribcage and above the stomach in the left upper quad of the abdomen. A spleen is soft and generally looks purple

Nares

vestibule

hair in nose

vibrissae

nasal conchae

epiglottis

thyroid cartilage

cricoid cartilage

trachea

bronchi

R/L

Right Lung

Left Lung

Visceral Pleura

Parietal Pleura

esophagus

muscular tube connecting pharynx w/ stomach

runs behind windpipe and heart, in front of spine

cardia of stomach

fundus of the stomach

body of stomach

pylorus of the stomach

rugae of the stomach (folds)

pyloric sphincter

greater omentum

lesser omentum

mesentery

liver

falciform ligament

gallbladder

bile duct

pancreas

duodenum (small intestine)

jejunum

Ileum (small intestine)

cecum

vermiform appendix

ascending colon

hepatic flexure (right colon flexure)

Transverse colon

splenic flexure

descending colon

Sigmoid colon

Taeniae Coli

Haustra

small segmented pouches of the bowl separated by the haustral folds. formed by circumferential contraction of the inner muscular layer of the colon. the outer longitudinal muscular layer is organized into 3 bands (taeniae coli) which run from the cecum to the rectum.

rectum

Kidneys

renal cortex