Science Exam Last Minute Study :(
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88 Terms
What caused the solar system to form?
A giant cloud of gas and dust pulled together by gravity
What is a star mostly made of?
Hydrogen and helium
What process powers a star and makes it shine?
Nuclear fusion
Where are stars born?
In nebulae (clouds of gas and dust)
What do small or medium stars become when they die?
White dwarfs
What do large stars become when they die?
Supernova → neutron stars or black holes
What is a supernova?
A massive explosion at the end of a high-mass star's life
What is a neutron star?
A super-dense collapsed core of a massive star after a supernova
What is the order of the Sun, Moon, and Earth in a solar eclipse?
Sun → Moon → Earth
What is the order of the Sun, Moon, and Earth in a lunar eclipse?
Sun → Earth → Moon
During what moon phase does a solar eclipse occur?
New Moon
During what moon phase does a lunar eclipse occur?
Full Moon
What does 'waxing' mean?
The lit part of the Moon is growing
What does 'waning' mean?
The lit part of the Moon is shrinking
What are the 8 moon phases in order?
New Moon, Waxing Crescent, First Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Last Quarter, Waning Crescent
What can be used many times to carry astronauts into orbit?
Space shuttle
What planet has rings made mostly of ice and rock?
Saturn
What makes Jupiter stand out?
It is the largest and most massive planet
How is Uranus different from most other planets?
It rotates on its side
What do all inner planets have in common?
They have small rocky surfaces
One of the conditions required for life on Earth is…?
Liquid water
In a heliocentric system, what does Earth revolve around?
The Sun
In a geocentric system, what did early Greeks believe?
The planets, Sun, Moon, and stars rotate around the Earth
Where is the asteroid belt located?
Between Mars and Jupiter
Meteoroids usually come from…?
Comets or asteroids
How long does Earth's rotation take?
1 day
How long does it take Earth to revolve around the Sun?
1 year
What are the Moon's surface features called that Galileo discovered?
Craters
What is an equinox?
When neither end of Earth's axis is tilted toward or away from the Sun
During which moon phases is the Moon half-lit?
First and Third Quarter
How are all objects attracted to each other?
Gravity
Which event began the space race?
The Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1
Why does Earth have seasons?
Because its axis is tilted as it orbits the Sun
When the North end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the Sun, what happens in North America?
It experiences more direct rays and longer days
What happens during a solar eclipse?
The Moon is directly between Earth and the Sun
What happens during a lunar eclipse?
Earth is directly between the Sun and the Moon
What does the phase of the Moon you see depend on?
How much of the sunlit side faces Earth
The space race was between…?
The United States and the Soviet Union
How do scientists think the Moon formed?
A large object struck Earth, and the debris formed the Moon
What do reflecting and refracting telescopes do?
Gather and focus visible light
A star is 'born' when…?
Nuclear fusion begins
What determines how long a star will live?
Its mass
What is the Milky Way?
A spiral galaxy
What are stars classified by?
Size, brightness, and temperature