Word Segmentation

Word segmentation

mental process of dividing a stream of speech into separate words

What does the Ganong effect tell us

-lexical knowledge influences speech perception

-there is top-down and bottom-up processing involved in speech perception

What cues in the speech stream can a baby use to find words?

-transitional probabilities

-phonotactic cues

-prosodic cues

transitional probabilties

the likelihood that syllable x is followed by syllable y

phonotactic cues

certain sound combinations that are allowed to occur

prosodic cues

intonation, stress

Transitional probabilities for syllables within words tend to be _____ than syllables between words

higher

True of false: Phonotactic constraints are language-specific

true

According to the Ganong Effect, what are the types of processing?

-Top-down
-Bottom-up

Top-down processing is based on what kind of information?

lexical knowledge

Bottom-up processing is based on what kind of information

auditory input/ individuals speech sounds

Word segmentation problem

segmenting a stream of speech into separate words

What are three cues that can be used to segment words?

-Transitional probabilities

-Phonotactic cues

-Prosodic cues

Define transitional probabilties

the likelihood that syllable X will be followed by syllable Y

Syllables within words will have a _____ probability than syllables between words

higher

Define word segmentation

mental process of dividing a stream of speech into separate words

Children as young as __ months use transitional probabilities to segment words

8

Define phonotactic constraints

constraints on which sounds can appear on the onset or coda position and how sounds can be combined

The fact that speakers use the likelihood of two or more syllables co-occurring to help them separate words out of the stream of speech sounds is called:

statistical learning

True or false: Phonotactic cues are language specific

true

McGurk effect tell us that …

our perceptions of speech is influenced by visual information

(e.g. if someone is making a /b/ sound but has his upper incisors above his bottom lip, the individual will perceive an /f/.)