jmu hth 100 mccann exam 1

Morbidity

refers to rate of having a disease or a symptom of disease, or to the amount of disease within a population. Morbidity also refers to medical problems caused by a treatment. Some examples of common morbidities are heart disease, diabetes, and obesity

mortality

refers to a death rate or the number of deaths within a population in a certain period of time.Mortality may be reported for people who have a certain disease, live in one area of the country, or who are of a certain gender (sex assigned at birth), age, or ethnic group

primary prevention

aims to prevent disease or injury before it ever occurs. Ex: health education, immunizations, laws/policies mandating safety precautions like seatbelts

secondary prevention

aims to reduce the impact of a disease or injury that has already occurred. Ex: medical treatments, screening tests and exams, exercise plan to manage chronic conditions, PT

tertiary prevention

aims to soften the impact of an on going illness or injury that has lasting effects or delay mortality. Ex:rehabilitation programs(cardiac, PT), support groups, chemotherapy

leading cause of death in US

heart disease

leading cause of death for ages 10-24

unintentional injuries

6 dimensions of wellness

Emotional, Social, Intellectual, Spiritual, Physical, Occupational

physical health

a persons ability to perform activities of daily living

social health

having a broad social network and successful interaction with others

intellectual health

ability to think clearly and make responsible decisions

emotional health

ability to express emotions and maintain a level of self-confidence

spiritual health

having a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life

environmental health

appreciation of one's external environment

non-modifiable determinants

biology refers to an individuals genetics, ethnicity, age, and sex/gender. they cannot be changed.

modifiable determinants

behaviors refer to an individuals response to internal and external conditions. they can be changed.

health belief model

A theory of health behaviors; the model predicts that whether a person practices a particular health habit can be understood by knowing the degree to which the person perceives a personal health threat and the perception that a particular health practice will be effective in reducing that threat.

Transtheoretical Model stages

pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, relapse

pre-contemplation stage

no intention or changing behaviors

contemplation stage

aware a problem exists. no commitment to action.

preparation stage

intent upon taking action

action stage

active modification of behavior

maintainence stage

sustained change; new behavior replaces old

relapse stage

fall back into old patterns of behavior

addiction

a treatable chronic disease involving complex interactions between an individuals brain, genetics, environment, and life experiences.

physiological dependency

involves a drug or substance

psychological dependency

intense, uncontrollable urge to engage in a particular activity.

environmental risk factors for addiction/dependence

ready access to the substance or experience, abusive or neglectful home environment, peer norms, membership in an oppressed or marginalized group, chronic or acute stressors

psychological risk factors for addiction/dependence

low self-esteem, external locus of control, passivity, PTSD

biological risk factors for addiction/dependence

unusual early response to the substance or experience, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and other learning disabilities, biologically based mood disorders, addiction among biological family members

5 components of psychological addiction

compulsion, loss of control, negative consequences, denial, inability to abstain

compulsion

obsession; person experiences an overwhelming need to perform behavior

loss of control

inability to predict reliably whether any isolated occurrence of the behavior will be healthy or damaging

negative consequences

physical damage, legal trouble, financial problems, academic failure, or family dissolution

denial

the inability to recognize that the behavior is destructive

inability to abstain

from the dependency even though one knows the behavior or substance is harmful

common process addictions

• Technology (social media)

• Sex and Pornography

• Gambling

• Compulsive Buying

• Exercise

• Work Behaviors

what is a drug?

a substance other than food that is intended to affect the structure or function of the mind or body through chemical action

"pleasure circuit"

mesolimbic dopamine system. all addictive drugs activate the brains pleasure circuit.

how drugs can be administered

oral, inhalation, injection, transdermal, suppositories

college students and prescription drug abuse

approx 4% of surveyed students reported misusing prescription drugs. Drugs include: vicodin, oxycontin, percocet

Cannabis

derived from cannabis plant, which is made up of over 100 components called cannabinoids.

2 major cannabinoids

CBD (non-intoxicating and non-euphoric, used more for medical purposes), and THC (main psychoactive compound; responsible for the "high" people associate with cannabis)

Delta-8 vs. Delta-9

delta-8 is synthesized, delta-9 is naturally occurring

drinking culture

the attitudes and behaviors that groups of people promote in terms of alcohol consumption

standard beer

12 oz, 5% alcohol

standard malt liquor

8.5 oz, 7% alc

standard wine

5 oz, 12% alc

standard 80 proof liquor

1.5 oz, 40% alc

blood alcohol content (BAC)

the ratio of alcohol to total blood volume. depends on weight and body fat %, water content in body tissues, ABV of the drinks consumed

Short term affects of alcohol

dilated blood vessels, lower blood pressure, stimulated appetite, increased heart rate, gastric secretion, and urine output

long term affects of alcohol

High blood pressure, fat cells in liver, brain cell damage, ulcers in stomach, damage to pancreas

Alcohol poisioning warning signs (P.U.B.S)

Puking, unresponsive, breathing (slow, stopped, irregular)

E.N.D.S

Electronic Nicotine Delivery System.

short term affects of tobacco

bad breath, smelly clothes, yellow teeth, suppressed appetite

long term affects of tobacco

chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, coronary heart disease and stroke, weakened immune system

guiding principles of wellness coaching

collaborative conversation, a space that supports autonomy, feeling accepted (no matter how unhealthy)

O.A.R.S

open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective statements

thomas gordans model of listening

spoken words, hearing, words the listener hears, decoding, what the listener thinks we mean, guessing, what we mean below the surface "hidden/true" meaning.