The Life and Works of Rizal - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, people, places, and concepts from the Rizal-era notes.

Peninsulares

Spaniards born in Spain.

Insulares

Spaniards born in the Philippines.

Mestizo

Child of mixed Spanish and Filipino ancestry.

Ilustrado

Wealthy Filipino educated, often in Europe.

Indio

Common Filipino or native.

Siglo de oro

Golden age.

Secularization

Nationalizing the Catholic church (transfer of church influence to the state).

Galleon Trade

Trading system and ships that sailed between Manila and Acapulco (1565–1815).

Azotea

Open balcony used for private gatherings.

Opium War

Conflicts due to opium smuggling into China against Chinese government wishes.

Intramuros

Fortified walled district in Manila that protected Spanish power.

Emancipation Proclamation

U.S. presidential order by Lincoln declaring freedom of enslaved people.

Gobernadorcillo

Municipal leader/judge responsible for local leadership, economy, and justice.

Propaganda Movement

Reform movement seeking representation, legal equality, and secular education.

Tobacco Monopoly

Government control over tobacco production and sale.

Encomienda

Spanish colonial grant of land and Indigenous labor to Spaniards.

Bagumbayan

New town; district in Manila (historic reference).

Guardia Civil

Regulatory civil forces in the Philippines during Spanish rule.

Principalia

Ruling, educated upper class in Filipino pueblos; often hacienda owners.

Indulto de Comercio

Privilege granted to Alcalde Mayor to engage in trade.

Royal Audiencia

The Supreme Court of the Spanish Philippines.

Clavería decree (Narciso Clavería)

Decree that assigned Spanish surnames to Filipinos.

Amerigo Vespucci

Italian explorer after whom America was named; clarified naming of the continents.

Frailocracy

Government by friars.

Cortes

Spanish Parliament; there was no Philippine representation.

Haciendas owned by the friars

Large estates controlled by friars during Spanish rule.

Rizal’s birthplace and date (Calamba, 1861)

June 19, 1861; Calamba, Laguna—the birthplace of José Rizal.

Ateneo Municipal de Manila

Jesuit-run school later known as Ateneo; originated as Escuela Pia.

Escuela Pia

Charity school run by the Jesuits—predecessor to Ateneo in Manila.

Internos

Boarders; students who lived on campus.

Externos

Non-boarders; day students.

Fr. Jose Bech

One of Rizal’s teachers at the Ateneo system.

Fr. Francisco de Paula Sánchez

A famous teacher of Rizal at Ateneo.

Maestro Celestino

Rizal’s early teacher; contributed to his foundational education.

Teodora Alonso

Rizal’s mother; taught him rudiments of alphabet and prayers.