AP lit "Speaking the Same Language"

What are the many figurative language examples?

double entendre, hyperbole, litotes, metaphor, metonymy, oxymoron, personification, pun, simile, synecdoche, understatement

What are the many examples of sound?

alliteration, assonance, consonance, onomatopoeia, rhyme, internal rhyme

What are the many examples of structure?

active voice, anaphora, anastrophe, asyndeton, chiasmus, enjambment, epistrophe, inversion, listing, loose sentence, meter, parallelism, passive voice, periodic sentence, polysyndeton, repetition, syntax

What are the many examples of point of view?

first-person POV, second-person POV, third-person limited POV, third-person omniscient POV

metaphor

a direct comparison of two unlike things

simile

a comparison of two unlike things using the words “like” or “as”

Personification

giving human characteristics to inanimate objects or ideas

Hyperbole

extreme exaggeration

Euphemism

a mild word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt

Understatement

saying less than something actually is

Litotes

ironic understatement in which one expresses an affirmation with the negative of its contrary

metonymy

replaces the name of a thing with the name of something to which it is closely related

Synecdoche

part is meant to represent the whole

Oxymoron

Contradictory words juxtaposed

Pun

wordplay that exploits multiple meanings of a word

Double entendre

the ambuigity of meaning arising from language that lends itself to more than one interpretation

alliteration

the repetition of initial sounds of closely connected words

assonance

the repetition of vowel sounds of closely connected words

Consonants

repetition of consonant sounds in the middle and end of words / ex: we were the first that ever burst

Rhyme

words that sound or end with the same sound

Onomatopoeia

words that make sound

Internal rhyme

rhyme within the same line of poetry / ex: And all averred I killed the bird

Euphony

pleasing sound

Syntax

the arrangement of words and phrases

Loose sentence

the main clause comes first followed by successive modifying clauses

Periodic sentence

the main clause comes at the end after the dependent clause

Parallelism

the grammatical balancing of words and phrases

Antithesis

contrasting ideas in parallel form

Juxtaposition

contrasting concepts

Anaphora

repetition of words and phrases at the beginning of sentences or lines of poetry

Chiasmus

an xy-yx construction / ex: Love as though you will sometime hate, hate as though you will sometime love

Epistrophe

repetition at the ends of sentences or lines of poetry

Anastrophe

an inversion of words for emphasis

Asyendeton

the absence of the conjunctions “and” and “or”

Polysyndeton

the addition of conjunctions (adds excitement and force)

Repetition

repeating of words and phrases

Allusion

a reference to a person, place, thing, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance

Character

a person or animal in a short story, novel, play, or movie

Dynamic character

changes

static character

does not change

flat character

lack emotional depth

round character

complex and undergo development

conflict

a struggle between two opposing forces

internal conflict

man vs himself

external conflict

man vs man, man vs nature, man vs supernatural, man vs machine

irony

what appears, on the surface, differs from the actual situation

verbal irony

meaning contrasts literal or usual meaning

situation irony

actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended

dramatic irony

the audience knows something that the character does not

Mood

atmosphere which induces a feeling or state of mind

plot

the sequence of events in a story

exposition

beginning of the story that introduces characters and setting

narrative hook

grabs the readers interest

rising action

part of the story where the conflict builds

climax

highest point fo action

falling action

events immediately following the conflict

resolution

final outcome of the story

POV

the perspective from which the story is told

1st POV

one fo the characters narrates the story (i,we)

2nd POV

the story is told to “you”

3rd POV limited

the story is about “he” or “she” but the narrator is outside the story

3rd POV omniscient

the story is about “he” or “she” and the narrator has FULL assess to the thoughts and experiences of ALL the characters

setting

the time and place of the story

symbolism

words, people, locations, ideas that represent something beyond the literal meaning

theme

the unifying, dominant idea about the human condition that unifies a literary work

tone

attitude of the author/speaker