Introduction to Organic Chemistry and Stereochemistry

These flashcards contain key vocabulary terms and their definitions related to Organic Chemistry and Stereochemistry, intended for exam preparation.

Inductive Effect

The sequential polarization of σ-bonds in a molecule caused by the polarization of adjacent groups.

Conjugate Effect

The delocalization of π-orbital electrons in an alternating single- and multiple-bond system, which stabilizes the molecule.

Stereochemistry

The study of the spatial arrangement of atoms in molecules.

Enantiomers

Mirror image isomers that are not superimposable.

Chiral Compounds

Compounds that have at least one asymmetric carbon atom bonded to four different groups.

Optical Activity

The ability of chiral compounds to rotate the polarization of plane-polarized light.

Racemic Mixture

A mixture containing equal amounts of both enantiomers.

Fischer Projection

A two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional organic molecule showing the configuration of chiral centers.

D,L Symbolism

A system for describing the absolute stereochemical structure of chiral compounds.

Diastereomers

Non-mirror image stereoisomers that differ in physical properties.

Geometric Isomerism

Isomerism due to the differing arrangement of groups around a rigid double bond, classified as cis-trans or E-Z.

Chan-Ingold-Prelog Rules

Rules used to determine the priority of ligands attached to chiral centers for R/S or E/Z nomenclature.