AE IT 1

FOR QUIZ

Abacus

Ultimate ancestor of today’s computers

Charles Babbage

“Father of Computing” and  Invented the Analytical and Difference Engines

Analytical Engine

Utilized I/O media called Jacquard’s punched cards

The First Generation

• Were based on the use of wired circuits containing vacuum tubes

• Utilized punch cards as the main storage medium

• Used binary codes of “machine language”

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC)

a hulk of machinery consist of 18,000 vacuum tubes, 70,000 resistors, and 5 million soldered joints, and occupied a space equal to a small warehouse

Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer (EDVAC)

 a pioneer in implementing von Neumann’s architecture, the key to which was the Central Processing Unit (CPU) which allowed all computer functions to be coordinated through a single source

The Second Generation

• Development of the “transistor”

• Used “assembly language”

transistor

• Smaller size and increased reliability

• Faster and more energy‐efficient than their predecessors

The Third Generation “Integration”

The first integrated circuit (IC) was invented independently by Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce

The Fourth Generation

• Development of user‐friendly software packages

• Very‐large‐scale‐integration (VLSI)

• Ultra‐large‐scale‐integration (ULSI)

The Fifth Generation

• Artificial intelligence

• Expert systems

• Natural language processing

Computer

A device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions

 input

Accepts data

processing

Processes data

 output

Produces output

 storage

Stores results

• Hardware

• Software

• Data

• Information

• Default

Computer

• Basic Terms

• Workstations

• Palmtop / Handheld

• Tablet PC

• Main Frame

Types of Computer

Business

Computers are used to store information, provide easy interface with customers, and facilitate processing and presentation of data

Mathematics and Science

Watson and Crick’s discovery of the structure of the DNA

Engineering

Degrees of miniaturization and integration have multiplied n‐fold

Medicine

More reliable artificial hearts are being offered to those with heart problems

Education

Ease of use in the creation of presentation materials and documents

Entertainment

Interactive games and virtual simulations computer‐generated effects

Computer System

refers to a computer and all of the input, output, and storage devices that are connected to it

• Keyboard

• Pointing Devices

• Scanner

• Digital Cameras

• Microphone

• CD/DVD ROM

Input Devices

• Monitors / Display Devices

• Printer

• Speakers

• Sound Card

• CD Writers

Output Devices

• Computer System Unit

• Hard Disk Drive

• Floppy Disk Drive

• Flash Disk

Storage Devices

People

The ultimate operators

Processes

The workflow rules

Data

The raw material

Software

The operational instructions

Hardware

The physical foundation

The Physical Plant

Hardware architecture

Hardware architecture

Data enters physically, is processed logically, and exits visibly.

Reality produces data

infinite, unstructured, and overwhelming.

Business requires clarity

structured, actionable, and definitive.

The two halves of business intelligence

You cannot make strategic decisions without both the physical infrastructure to process data and the logical business rules to give it meaning.

Computer Systems

The Engine (Hardware & Software)

Business Information Systems

The Steering (Rules & Processes)

System Software

Manages the hardware. The foundational environment where everything else lives and operates.

Application System

Executes the business tasks. The specialized, user-facing tools built on top of the foundation.

Business Information System

It is an organized system explicitly designed to collect, process, store, and provide information to drive business decisions.

Collect

Process

Store

Provide

The Data Journey: From raw input to strategic output

Raw inputs have no inherent value. They must be systematically refined through these four stages to become strategic business outputs.

Collect

Gathering raw, unorganized facts from internal operations and external environments.

The goal is to capture reality as accurately and continuously as possible.

Process

Transforming raw data into meaningful forms. Information is aggregated, calculated, and structured.

Store

Retaining information securely. Without a historical baseline, current data lacks context. Storage ensures the business can recognize trends over time.

Provide

Delivering the exact right information, to the right person, at the precise right time, in a format they can immediately understand.

Business Information System

It is to reduce uncertainty when a leader reaches a crossroads.

TPS

FRONTLINE
REAL TIME
HIGHLY STRUCTURED
ROUTINE

MIS

MANAGEMENT
SHORT TERM
INTERNAL REPORTS
TACTICAL

DSS

ANALYST
MEDIUM TERM
SIMULATIONS/WHAT IS?
ANALYTICAL

EIS

C-SUITE
LONG-TERM
AGGREGATE/EXTERNAL
STRATEGIC