Plains indians

Plain idndians

Term given by white Americans to the indigenous Americans who lived on the Great Plains

Chiefs

Chosen because of wisdom and warrior skills and decided where band went and what to do with trouble makers

Tribes

made of bands who helped eachother during crises and discussed arranged marriages ,trades and problems

Council members and chiefs made up tribal council that advised tribal chiefs

Warrior society

Made up of best warriors in bands and were responsible for overseeing hunting and fighting. Led raids and attacks and council would always consult them before doing anything

Roles in bands women

Cook ,make clothes and tepes

Role of men in bands

Fight and hunt

Everyones roles in band

Raise kids and teach them their parents skills

Elders

Wisdom but can be left behind if they are seen as a threAt

Consequences of roles

Plains indians children were taught by many different band members so when the us goverment trying spliting thwm up into family units and or sending the children to school far away from the tribe the children never learnt their way and traditions which impacted their way of life

Consequences of views on leadership

Us goverment thought that if they got the chief to sign a treaty then everyone would comply with the treatys terms like in 1868 chief red cloud signed a treaty but chief sitting bull denied and so did the majority of the lakota sioux

Importance of buffalos and horses

• catching buffalo was quicker on horse back

• Every part of buffalo used except heart

• Buffalo heart left on plains

• Women and children cut up meat

• Horses used in war

• Horses are wealth symbol

• Help get stuff from point A- point B

• Couldn’t survive without horse

Nomadic lifestyle

Tepes made of wooden poles and hide

In winter mived to valley with shelter and lived in wooden lodges insulated with thick layers of soil

How were tepes made for weather

• quick and easy to pack

• Flap for ventilation

• Cone shape against strong winds

How were bands designed for survival

-changed size depending of food resources when food became scarce bands would split up and spread into other bands territories

Consequences of going into other’s territories

Treaty when moved onto areas controlled by other tribes

Plains constantly raided others for food horse and people

Belief in nature

• everything in nature had a spirit

• We were part of nature

• Can contact spirit world through visions and dance

Belief about land and property

• nooke owned land

• There were scared areas like black hills

Attitudes to war

-ran away when fight turned against them

-Greatest honour was counting coup

-avoid killiNg a lot of young men

Consequences of American gold rush

• lawlessnes

• farming boom

• genocide of indians

• Racial tensions

• Migratiion

• Tensions with indeginous tribes

Who were the gold rush migrats

• chiniese(1952)

• Oregon trail(1836-1846)

• Miners

Donner party

George and jacob donner in 1846 may 60 wagons 300 people

What went wrong

• more women and children

• Split up and 4 wagons broke and 300 cattle died

• Reached sierra nievada but got stuck in snow

• Sent 32 people for help but tooke 32 days to joknsons ranch

• Found january 1847

Reason for mormon persecution

• polygamy

• Against slavery

• Against harming indians

• Blasphemous accusations

• Political power

Who founded mormosns

Joseph smith died in 1944 illinois

Who became new leader of mormosns

Brigham young

How many mormons persecuted

1500

Where did mornons go

Unwanted land near the great salt lake

How did brigham younng prepare the mormons for journey

• split into groups with leaders

• Prioritzed rest and skill

• Gave everyone a specific role

• Taught them how to circle wagons for safety

Comparisons between yound and donner

Donner wasn’t prepared

Young was

Donner used pamplet

Young researched

Donner had a lot of wome and children

Young didn’t (advanced group of 150) to mark out resources

Young had enough food

Why were mormons successful

• religious beliefs

• Brigham made good decision

• Irrigation dug

Owned all timeber and resource

• had skilled settlers so town ran effiecently

• Provided emigration fund

Problems of settling in plains

Climate

• insects

• Weather

• Thick sod

• Lack of trees

• Lack of water

How did settlers deal with lack of timber

• used thick sod walls and roof for insulation

• Fire proof

• Dirty and difficult to keep clean

Tough environment

• crops shrivelled from lack of water and insects

• Plough broke

• Had to use spades

1830 imdian removal act

Remove east indians to west “great american dessert”

1834 induan trade and inter course act sets frontier between territories

1848 us victory in mexican American war

Permensnt indian frontier didvuded indian territory from eastern states forts gaurded frontier

No whites allowed

1851 indian apropriation act

Momey aloocated for Indian reservation

First fort laramie

Allowed whites into Indian territory

Goverment support for expandion

Us corixenns needed to go west

Need to be able to travel

Natives need to move away