APUSH heimler vocab

Pueblo

native groups, known for their cliff dwellings

Ute

native groups, in the great plains and basin region

nomads who hunt buffalo

Chinnok

Native groups in the Pacific coast

fishing and settled communities

Iroquois

native Americans in the northeast

lived in long houses

known for the 3 sisters

Cahokia

natives that lived in the Miss. r. valley

farmers

Trading Post EMpire

Portugal establishes trading posts throughout Africa

Joint stock companies

business venture that increased travel to the new world

Encomienda system

a colonial labor system in which Spanish enslaved native people to farm and mine in the Americas

Casta System

a hierarchical social structure in colonial Spanish America based on racial and ethnic categories.

Sepulveda

argues natives are less than human

Las casas

defends natives

fur trade

motives for many countries to go to new world (ex. French and Dutch)

enclosure movement

economic problems in GB that lead people to move to new world

Jamestown

first GB settlement

rough start until began farming tabacco

Bacon’s Rebellion

Indentured servants attack natives

resulted in the use of more AA’s for labor

Penssylvania

founded by William Penn

self governance by the pilgrims

Mayflower compact

House of burgesses

self governance in virginia

mercantilism

belief there is a fixed amount of wealth in the world

favorable balance of trade (more exports than imports)

Navigation Acts

colonies have to trade with British using British ships

slave codes

instituted in the south based off of treatment of AAs in Barbados

covert resistence

continued cultures, tools broken

overt resistence

stono rebellion

pueblo revolt

led to Spanish lightening up on rules

metacom’s war

natives attack New England colony settlers to try to gain land back

Englightenment

people rely on thought over belief

natural rights

everyone has inherent rights that are naturally given to them

social contract

people’s right to overthrow a bad gov.

new light clergy

group of relgious men who invited the great awakening

Johnathan Edwards

american who assisted the great awakening

George Whitefield

british man who assisted the great awakening

impressment

colonial men kidnapped and forced to serve in (French or British) navy

French and Indian war

war between British and French in the colonies

Albany Plan of Union

more centralized gov in the colonies

advocated by Ben franklin

got rejected because of the extra tax it would cause

Peace of Paris 1763

treaty that ends the French and Indian war

Royal Proclamation of 1763

made to protect the colonists

said no land can be taken from west of the Appalachians

angered colonists

salutary neglect

period when GB let the colonists run more independently

Quartering Act of 1765

GB soldiers stay in the colonies and colonists are required to house them (angered colonists)

Sugar Act

increased taxes on sugar (angered colonists)

Stamp Act

increased taxes on papered goods (angered colonists)

Virtual Representation

GB claims that even though colonies don’t have direct representation they have ____ which means that decisions are made with the thought of the colonists

Sons and daughters of liberty

rebellion groups

Stamp Act Congress

petitioned to GB to repeal the stamp act

parliament listens

Declaratory Act

says parliament has the right to pass anything

Townshend Acts

led to colonies boycotting British goods and women homemaking goods to compensate

Boston Massacre

Physical confrontation between the british and colonists that led to many deaths

Boston Tea Party

a response to the tea act

colonists throw tons of tea into boston harbor

coercive act

passed in response to the Boston tea party

closes Boston harbor until money made back

Intolerable acts

name for coercive act and other acts of the time that angered the colonists

continental congress

met in 1774

wanted to protect their natural rights

were still loyal to the crown

2nd Continental congress

meeting where Thomas Jefferson writes the declaration of independence

Common Sense

written by thomas paine

said that it was logical to break away from GB

Continental army

assembly of men formed by the continental Congress (militia)

Battle of Saratoga

turning point in the Revolution (causes french to ally with the colonists)

Battle of Yorktown

last war of the Revolution 1781

Articles of confederation

put power into the legislative branch

didn’t have any military force

limited federal taxing power

Northwest Ordinance of 1787

set a plan for land to be settled and added to the union

abolished slavery in the NW territory

Shays rebellion

uprising that proved the weakness of the Articles

Constitutional convention

congregation where leaders realized America needed a new constituion

Federalists

wanted increased federal power

anti-federalists

wanted less federal and more state power

Virginia Plan

wanted legislative representation by population

New Jersey plan

wanted legislative representation equally by state

Great compromise

established a bicameral congress

(HoR is based on population, Senate is equal)

3/5 compromise

decision that says slaved count as __ amount in a states population count

federalists papers

talked about the positives of the constitution (published in the newspaper)

bill of rights

added to the constitution to appease anti-federalists

protected individual rights

republican motherhood

belief that woman should bring up their sons with the principal of liberty

Alexander Hamilton

first secretary of the treasury

advocated for the national bank

used the elastic clause (“necessary and proper”) to justify

Whiskey Rebellion

contrasts shays rebellion

crushed by state militia (shows new constitution’s strength)

Democratic Republicans

a party that opposed federalist (wanted weak federal gov)

washington’s farewell address

• cautioned against political parties

• recommended neutrality policy

John Adams

2nd president of the US

George Washington

1st president of the US

XYZ affairs

french refuse to stop impressment

caused a stir when french asked for bribary

Alien Acts

made it legal to deport non US citizens

Sedition Acts

said it was illegal to publicly criticize the gov.

Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

D-R party’s response to the Alien and Sedition Acts

said any law passed by gov. that is deemed unconstitutional can be nullified by states

Indian trade and intercourse act

regulated settlers movement into native land (was ignored)

Pinckney treaty

settled the boarder between the Us and Spanish Florida

African Methodist Episcopal Church

example of the North being more accepting of AA’s and their culture (hint. religion)

Barbary Pirates

african group that attacked merchant ships (during Adams’s presidency)

Strict constructionists

takes the constitution literally (D-R party)

Loose Constructionists

don’t follow the constitution to the letter (Federalist party)

Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson’s presidency

amount of land acquired from french to the west

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the US

Lewis and Clark Expedition

two explorers sent to go to Pacific coast with a native woman and scope out land to the west

Marshall Court

1801 to 1835, significantly expanded the power and influence of the Supreme Court and the federal government.

Judiciary Act

gave new judge spots

Adams puts federalists in place last minute

Marbury vs. Madison

stated that the judiciary Act was unconstitutional

set the president for judicial review

McCulloch vs. Maryland

states federal law trumps state law

War of 1812

Causes: British impressment and helping of natives

D-R are for the war, Feds against

Madison

4th president

Hartford Convention

Federalists state they should succeed from the union

led to demise of federalist party

Era of good feelings

supposed “unity” under the D-R party

American System

Henry Clay

1) federally funded internal improvements (fail)

2)protective tariffs (pass)

3)re-establishment of Bank of US (pass)

Tallmadge Amendment

prohibits slavery in new states

doesn’t work

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Henry Clay

Missouri = slave state

Maine = free state

sets a line for which states can be slave or free for future

Adams-Onis treaty

spain sells Florida to US

Monroe doctrine

(1823)

western hemisphere is a Us sphere of influence