AICE Marine Chapter 3 Test (2)

nutrient cycles

The movement and exchange of elements that are essential to life

biotic

Living parts of an ecosystem, which includes the organisms and their effects on each other

upwelling

Movement of cold, nutrient-rich water from deep in the ocean to the surface

abiotic

The environment's geological, physical and chemical features, the non-living part of an ecosystem

assimilation

Conversion of a nutrient into a usable form that can be incorporated into the tissue of an organism

Residence time

The average time that a particle spends in a particular system

infiltration

Part of the water cycle where water soaks into the soil from ground level and moves underground

Marine snow

Particles of organic material that fall from surface waters to the deeper ocean

Sink

Area where there is a net loss

Source

An area where there is net gain of material

True

Producers can be photosynthetic or chemosynthetic.

symbiosis

A relationship between two or more organisms of different species which live physically close to each other.

parasitism

A relationship between two organisms where the parasite obtains benefit at the expense of the host.

commensalism

A relationship between two organisms where one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefitted.

mutualism

A relationship between two different organisms where both organisms benefit.

true

Some nutrients are soluble and there is a reservoir of these nutrients dissolved in the ocean which is available to producers and consumers.

uptake into organisms

The reservoir of dissolved nutrients is depleted by

harvesting

Nutrients taken up by organisms in food chains can be removed by

respiration, combustion, decomposition, photosynthesis, formation of fossil fuels, formation and weathering of rocks containing carbonate

The carbon cycle involves which of the following?

decomposition, dissolving of atmospheric gases, excretion, run-off, tectonic activity, upwelling

The reservoir of dissolved nutrients is replenished by which of the following?

The relationship could also be mutualistic. The relationship is an example of phoresis. The relationship is a type of commensalism. Remoras can eat parasites which affect the manta rays. The remora is able to cling with a force of three times its own weight. The manta ray remains unaffected and the remora uses the manta ray for transport. The remora fish has a modified dorsal fin which can create suction and attach the fish to a smooth surface.

Check all of the statements that apply to the relationship between manta rays and remora fish.

This is a mutualistic relationship. Crabs have been observed feeding their anemones. The boxer crab uses the anemones in its claws as a defense. Anemones have stinging cells called cnidocytes on their tentacles. The anemone gains easy access to food in the crab's claws and will also use its tentacles like mops to pick up debris & food from the crab's hiding place. The name boxer crab comes from the anemone which the crabs hold in their claws and look like boxing gloves or pom-poms.

Check all of the statements that apply to the relationship between boxer crabs and anemones.

In this relationship, the fish are negatively affected. About half of the species of copepods are parasitic. Copepods are a type of seal lice called ectoparacites. Copepods can cause problems for wild fish populations. Copepods can cause problems for farmed species of fish. In this relationship, the copepods gain food and are positively affected. Even lesser infestations will reduce the growth rate of fish and may lead to infection. Copepods feed on mucus, tissues and blood which can lead directly to the death of the host fish.

Check all of the statements that apply to the relationship between copepods and marine fish.

commensalism, mutualism, parasitism

Which of the following are types of symbiosis? (check all that apply)

DNA, proteins

Which of the following are biological uses of nitrogen? (choose all that apply)