Biology Midterm Flashcards

Abiotic

Non-Living

Biotic

A living thing

A

Not

Bio

Life

In order to be alive you must...

Grow, adapt, develop, use energy (metabolism), reproduce, have cells, react, and maintain homeostasis

Homeostasis

“Staying the same”- maintaining a constant environment in your body

Food Chain

Show the flow of energy in the ecosystem. Every food chain MUST start with a producer

Producer

An organism that makes its own food like a plant

What is another name for a producer?

Autotroph

Consumer

An organism that has to eat

What is another name for consumer?

Heterotroph

What are the different types of consumers?

Primary and Secondary
Herbivore, Omnivore, and Carnivore

Herbivore

Eats only plants

Omnivore

Eats plants and animals

Carnivore

Eats only animals

Primary Consumer

1st thing that eats (herbivore)

Secondary Consumer

2nd thing that eats (omnivore or carnivore)

Scavenger

Eats animals that something else has killed

Decomposer

Breaks down dead material

What percent of energy passes from one organism to another?

10%

Niche

The job or role an organism has in its ecosystem or how it makes a living

Habitat

Where an organism lives

Who is responsible for almost all modern day environmental issues?

Humans

Habitat Destruction

Destroying the home of an organism. This could happen because of deforestation

Biodiversity

Having many types of living things. This is a good thing and

How are humans causing the loss of biodiversity?

Killing orgnaisms

What's another word for Bioaccumilation?

Biomagnification

What is bioaccumilation?

When poisons build up in the food chain. The higher up you go in the food chain the more poison there is

What decreases the higher up you go on the energy pyramid?

Energy and biomass

pH scale

Determines if something is a Base or an Acid

What pH do cells and organisms like to be at?

Neutral

What pH does acid rain have?

Any pH less than 7

Ozone Layer

A layer of gases which filters out the harmful UV radiation from the sun

What would happen to humans without the ozone layer?

Humans would be exposed to radiation and have more cases of skin cancer

What is another word for an invasive species?

Nonnative

Invasive Species

These are organisms which are from another country

How do invasive species take over their new environment?

pushing out other native species

What is another word for stewardship?

Sustainable Practices

Stewardship

When humans work to protect their environment

What are life's levels of organization?

Cell, Tissue, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism, Population, Community, and Ecosystem

Cell

Smallest unit of life

Tissue

A bunch of cells

Organs

A bunch of tissues

Organ Systems

A bunch of organs

Organism

A bunch of organ systems

Population

A bunch of the same organisms

Community

A bunch of different populations

Ecosystem

A community with abiotic factors

Symbiosis

A close relationship between organisms

What are the 3 main types of symbiotic relationships?

Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism

Mutualism

Both organisms benefit

Commensalism

One organism benefits and the other doesn’t care

Parasitism

One organism benefits while the other one is harmed

What are two other symbiotic relationships

Predator/Prey and Competition

Carbon Cycle

Carbon is an element that is in all living things on earth. It cycles the earth mainly in the form of Carbon Dioxide and Glucose

What are the 3 ways Carbon Dioxide gets into the atmosphere?

Respiration, burning fossil fuels, and open burning

What is the main way Carbon is removed from the atmosphere?

Photosynthesis

How are humans releasing excess fossil fuels into the atmosphere?

Burning fossil fuels

Greenhouse Effect

Too much carbon dioxide causing the Sun’s radiation to be trapped on the earth which is causing the earth’s temperature to rise

What is another word for the Greenhouse Effect?

Global Warming

What does Global Warming cause?

Glaciers melting and ocean levels rising

Population Growth

Populations will grow unchecked until they are limited by limiting factors

Limiting Factors

Resources like water, space, food, etc. That a population can run out of

What are the 3 population curves?

Carrying Capacity, J-Curve, and S-Curve

Carrying Capacity

The number of organisms an ecosystem can support

J-Curve

This population grows extremely fast (exponential growth). The population uses up all the resources and will crash and all die out

S-Curve

This population grows until it reaches it carrying capacity. Then it will stabilize over the carrying capacity

What makes the Predator and prey population growth are opposite of each other?

Carrying Capacity

When the predator is up

The prey is down

When the prey is up

The predator is down

Birthrate

The number of people born each year

Birthrate=Deathrate

No population growth

Birthrate>Deathrate

Population will grow

Birthrate

Population will decrease

Age Structure Graphs

Shows how the population of a country is distributed

What are the 2 main age structure graphs?

Rapid and Stable growth

Rapid Growth

Has lots of kids and not very many old people

Stable Growth

Not many children and lots of older people

Which age structure gap is poor?

Rapid

Which age structure gap is rich?

Stable

Macromolecule

A large molecule

Organic Molecules MUST have what?

Carbon

What are the 4 main macromolecules?

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, an Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates

Sugars

What are the building blocks of Carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

What are Carbohydrates used for?

Quick energy

What are carbohydrates made of?

Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen (1:2:1)

What are the 3 types of Carbohydrate?

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides

How many sugars do Monosaccharides have?

1

How many sugars do Disaccharides have?

2

How many sugars do Polysaccharides have?

A lot

What are Lipids used for?

Long term energy storage and for the cell membrane

Lipids

Fats, waxes and oils

What are lipids made of?

Long chains of carbon and hydrogen and a little bit of oxygen

Triglyceride

A fat made of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acid chains

Proteins

Restore tissues

Where are proteins made?

Ribosomes

What are proteins made of?

Amino Acids held together by peptide bonds

Hemoglobin

A protein in a blood cell that helps carry oxygen in the blood

Insulin

A protein in the body which helps maintain proper blood sugar levels. If there are problems making insulin than a person could have diabetes