LBR STD 10 Final

Capitalism is an economic, social and political system primarily driven by:
A. State control of production
B. Private ownership and the pursuit of profit
C. Worker ownership
D. Communal distribution of goods

Private ownership and the pursuit of profit

Capitalism requires maximum extraction of labor. What helps make this possible historically?
A. High wages
B. Worker ownership
C. Systems of domination and devaluation
D. Shorter workdays

Systems of domination and devaluation

What group's labor formed the backbone of the 19th-century U.S. economy through cottonproduction?
A. European immigrants
B. Enslaved Africans and their descendants
C. Industrial engineers
D. Shareholders

Enslaved Africans and their descendants

U.S. production of cotton grew from 1% of the world market in 1790 to ___% by the 1830s?
A. 10%
B. 40%
C. 80%
D. 100%

80%

During the period of enslavement, the growth of cotton productivity was primarily driven by:
A. New field machinery
B. The cotton gin alone
C. Brutal systems of torture and quotas
D. Wage incentives

Brutal systems of torture and quotas

"You cannot have Manchester without Mississippi" refers to: A. Foreign trade agreements
B. The connection between British industrialization and U.S. enslaved labor
C. Unionization in Europe
D. Immigration flows

The connection between British industrialization and U.S. enslaved labor

The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935 granted workers the right to:
A. Strike under all circumstances
B. Form unions and collectively bargain
C. Work fewer than 30 hours per week
D. Receive automatic wage increases

Form unions and collectively bargain

Under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), which group was excluded from union protections?
A. Teachers
B. Janitors
C. Agricultural workers
D. Hospital workers

Agricultural Workers

The Taft-Hartley Act (1947) was designed primarily to:
A. Strengthen worker rights
B. Support wildcat strikes
C. Further regulate union and worker power
D. Expand closed shops

Further regulate union and worker power

"Right to Work" laws allow workers to:
A. Refuse all workplace rules
B. Not pay union dues while still benefiting from the union
C. Strike more easily
D. Join a union automatically

Not pay union dues while still benefiting from the union

In Los Angeles in 2010, approximately what percent of low-wage workers experience wage theft?
A. 10%
B. 30%
C. 50%
D. 80%

80%

. Worker centers emerged to support workers who were:
A. Already unionized
B. Not represented by unions
C. Unemployed
D. Precariously employed

Not represented by unions

Which campaign famously organized carwash workers in Los Angeles?
A. Make LA Clean
B. CLEAN Carwash Campaign
C. LA Works Campaign
D. Raise Up LA

CLEAN Carwash Campaign

A union is best defined as:
A. A group of managers planning workplace changes
B. A group of workers coming together to improve workplace conditions
C. A political organization
D. An HR department

A group of workers coming together to improve workplace conditions

Collective bargaining is:
A. A form of political lobbying
B. Negotiation between workers and employers
C. A method of hiring
D. A component of employment law

Negotiation between workers and employers

Which era saw major deindustrialization in the U.S.?
A. 1790-1830
B. 1930-1950
C. 1970s-1980s
D. 2010-2020

1970s-1980s

The Bracero Program brought workers from:
A. China
B. Mexico
C. India
D. Guatemala

Mexico

Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of low-wage work?
A. Wage theft
B. Healthcare benefits
C. Tips-only work
D. Unsafe conditions

Healthcare benefits

The "Working Poor" are defined as:
A. People working less than part-time
B. People working but earning below the poverty line
C. People who choose not to work
D. Workers who are on strike

People working but earning below the poverty line

A key principle of worker organizing is:
A. Individual action
B. Building relationships
C. Passive agreement
D. Avoiding conflict

Building relationships

In a one-on-one conversation, organizers should spend about what percent of the time listening?
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 50%
D. 80%

80%

What is inoculation in worker organizing?
A. Teaching medical safety
B. Preparing workers for the employer's anti-union tactics
C. Filing legal forms
D. Training supervisors

Preparing workers for the employer's anti-union tactics

What is an assessment scale used for in worker organizing efforts?
A. Measuring employer anti-union power
B. Analyzing the employer's assets
C. Assessing a worker's level of commitment
D. Predicting election outcomes

Assessing a worker's level of commitment

A "Leader" is someone who:
A. Has followers
B. Is outspoken
C. Attends every meeting
D. Commits to striking

Has followers

Strategic campaigns are designed to:
A. Research companies
B. Build power through comprehensive plans
C. Avoid direct action
D. Replace union elections

Build power through comprehensive plans

Power mapping helps identify:
A. Who signs paychecks
B. Where coworkers live
C. Decision-makers and influencers
D. Which union to join

Decision-makers and influencers

A primary target in a campaign is:
A. Anyone who supports workers
B. The person/entity with the power to give workers what they want
C. The media
D. The general public

The person/entity with the power to give workers what they want

Escalation in campaigns means:
A. Doing the easiest tactic
B. Increasing pressure over time
C. Lowering demands
D. Avoiding public action

Increasing pressure over time

Which of the following is an economic issue in bargaining?
A. Respect
B. Grievance procedure
C. Wages
D. Scheduling notice

Wages

Which is a non-economic issue in bargaining?
A. Health insurance costs
B. Vacation days
C. Just cause for termination
D. Retirement benefits

Just cause for termination

A Tentative Agreement (TA) is:
A. A final contract
B. An agreement pending member vote
C. A media statement
D. A strike vote

An agreement pending member vote

An Unfair Labor Practice (ULP) includes:
A. Giving raises
B. Retaliating against union activists
C. Holiday lunches
D. Scheduling changes

Retaliating against union activists

A workplace relying on staff to fix problems represents:
A. A strong organizing culture
B. A social movement culture
C. A service model
D. Worker centers

A service model

Which group historically had the highest unionization rates? A. White workers
B. Black workers
C. Teenagers
D. Managers

Black workers

Secondary strikes are:
A. Protected
B. Illegal under Taft-Hartley
C. Encouraged
D. Part of closed shops

Illegal under Taft-Hartley

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire highlighted the need for:
A. Deregulation
B. Employer free speech
C. Workplace safety laws
D. Private equity

Workplace safety laws

The Wage Theft Campaign fought for:
A. More Division of Labor Standards Enforcement (DLSE) investigators
B. Collections for claims
C. Local wage theft enforcement
D. Stronger federal law

Local wage theft enforcement

A worker's relationship to capital is defined by:
A. Worker ownership of tools
B. Selling their labor
C. Direct control over profits
D. Equal power with employers

Selling their labor

High worker participation during collective bargaining creates:
A. Employer goodwill
B. Strong leverage
C. Legal requirements
D. High turnover

Strong leverage

Capitalism benefits from:
A. Xenophobia
B. Racism
C. Sexism
D. All of the above

All of the above

In collective bargaining, the purpose of a caucus is:
A. Gather signatures
B. Private discussion
C. Take a break
D. Talk to management

Private discussion

What is the percentage of unionized workforce in the private sector (according to the Economic Policy Institute report in Jan. 2025)?
A. 11.1%
B. 6.7%
C. 6.9%
D. 12.2%

6.7%

Section 7 of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) protects: A. Employer profits
B. Managerial rights
C. Concerted activity
D. Stockholder votes

Concerted activity

Starbucks workers are fighting for the following:
A. To end unfair labor practices
B. To settle a first union contract
C. For more control over their wages and working conditions D. All of the above

All of the above

The "pushing system" in slavery refers to:
A. Incentives
B. Brutal productivity enforcement
C. Promotions
D. Team tasks

Brutal productivity enforcement

Migrant workers make up what percent of U.S. labor force?
A. 2%
B. 10%
C. 19%
D. 50%

19%

Rev. Lawson describes nonviolence as:
A. A passive stance
B. A strategic method of power
C. Conflict avoidance
D. Religious practice

A strategic method of power

The Justice for Janitors Campaign is best described as:
A. A vehicle for electing pro-labor and pro-immigrant politicians to city office
B. Uniting largely immigrant janitors through militant, high-visibility direct action and industry-wide bargaining
C. Utilizing protests for short term changes in the janitorial industries
D. An effort to service workers who had immigration issues

Uniting largely immigrant janitors through militant, high-visibility direct action and industry-wide bargaining

Lawson's "violence system" means:
A. Anger
B. Institutions structured around violence
C. Criminal legal system alone
D. Military and police

Institutions structured around violence

Nonviolent movements aim to:
A. Change laws only
B. Transform systems and relationships
C. Avoid conflict
D. Replace protest with negotiation

Transform systems and relationships

Capitalism in the U.S. is neutral and free of racial hierarchy.

False

The U.S. has the highest incarceration rates among developed countries.

True

Enslaved people's bodies were used as collateral for credit.

True

Cotton was not important to early American capitalism.

False

Quotas were used to increase productivity through brutality

True

By the 1860s, about 4 million enslaved people lived in the U.S

True

In Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting by in America, Barbara Ehrenreich found it easy to survive on low-wage work.

False

Low-wage jobs in Nickel & Dimed offered predictable schedules

False

In Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting by in America, Barbara Ehrenreich struggled to find affordable housing near work

True

Supervisors in Nickel and Dimed: On (Not) Getting by in America, treated workers respectfully.

False

Barbara Ehrenreich found that hard work alone is enough to escape poverty.

False

According to Rev. Lawson's interpretation, "Soul force" is only meant to uplift the oppressed.

False

Nonviolent action can create pressure without physical force.

True

Nonviolent movements rely on mass participation.

True

Wildcat strikes are fully protected under Taft-Hartley.

False

Right-to-Work laws weaken unions.

True

Early U.S. government actions often sided with employers who used courts, police, and federal troops against unions.

True

Worker centers are alternatives to unions.

True

Worker centers focus mainly on dues collection.

False

Immigrant workers make major contributions to the U.S. economy.

True

During the 1800's and early 1900's, factory owners resisted early union organizing.

True

Deportation drives in the 1930s-1950s removed mostly non-citizens.

False

Social Movement Unionism prioritizes direct action.

True

Business Unionism emphasizes staff and stewards solving problems

True

A Tentative Agreement is final and binding.

False

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) administers union elections.

True

Escalation means lowering pressure.

False

Power mapping identifies targets and influencers.

True

One-on-one conversations should be mostly listening.

True

Poor conditions in the Industrial Revolution helped spark unionization efforts.

True

Labeling workers as unskilled allows for their labor to be devalued.

True

The late 1800's, the Knights of Labor welcomed women and Black workers.

True

According to the Economic Policy Institute, support for unions is at a 60-year high of 70%.

True

The boss must concede demands if bargaining in good faith.

False

Employers often try to divide workers during bargaining.

True

Strategic campaigns escalate and combine tactics.

True

Retaliation can be an unfair labor practice.

True

The cotton gin reduced the need for enslaved labor.

False

Industrialization started with textiles.

True

Child labor and dangerous work conditions were common during the Industrial Revolution.

True

The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire had little impact on law.

False

Worker centers helped immigrant workers fight wage theft.

True

LA has one of the smallest underground economies.

False

Undocumented workers have no labor rights.

False

Domestic/agricultural workers were excluded from the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA).

True

Wage theft includes failure to provide meal/rest breaks.

True

The Working Poor earn above the poverty line.

False

Worker power is built only through policy, not organizing.

False

One-on-one conversations weaken campaigns.

False

Migrant labor fills major U.S. labor shortages.

True