Oral Communication

Semantics

One of the levels of language that focuses on meanings.

Phonology

One of the levels of language that focuses on Sounds

Morphology

One of the levels of language that focuses on Words.

Syntax

One of the levels of language that focuses on Sentences.

Pragmatics

When the language is use.

Communication

It is a two-way process (sender-receiver).

Effective Communication

It is achieved when getting your message across to the receiver.

7%

What percent does Verbal or Linguistics have in the aspects of communication?

38%

What percent does Paralinguistics or Suprasegmentals have in the aspects of communication?

55%

What percent does Non-Verbal or Body Language have in the aspects of communication?

Verbal

This refers to the symbols, words, and language levels responsible for communication, use, meaning-making, and interpretation.

Paralinguistics

Refers to the vocal and non-vocal elements in the

communication process: Vocal quality, Tone, Pitvh, Tempo, Volume, etc.

Kinesics

It is the language of body

Proxemics

It is the language of space

Chronemics

It is the language of time

Haptics

It is the language of touch

Olfactics

It is the language of smell

Artefactual

Language of objects

Understanding

What is the key element in effective communication?

Vocal Quality

Voice is a raw sound produced when the surging air from the lungs vibrates through the vocal cords in the throat.

Voice Projection

The force of your breath, clarity of your articulation.

Pitch

Refers to the highness and lowness of the voice when you speak.

Tempo

Refers to the rate at which we speak. And oftentimes is influenced by the emotional state of the speaker.

Junctures or Pauses

Refers to the intervals of silence between or within words,

phrases, or sentences. Identified through the use of punctuation.

Stress

Refers to the mark of sound we put or give a word or syllable to make it stand out in a group.

Compound nouns

It has primary stress on the first component and secondary stress on the

second;

Compound Verbs

It has primary stress on the second and secondary stress on the first component (adverb);

Intensive-reflexive pronouns

It receive stronger stress on the second syllable

Intonation

Pitch is the ‘musical tone’ with which we pronounced the stressed syllables. The combination of these tones when we pronounce utterances, is called __________.

Falling Intonation

The pitch begins to fall on the accented syllable, and it continues to fall at the end of the tone unit/sentence/utterance. Declarative statements, Wh-questions, Imperative statements, Question tags (when the expected answer is yes)

Rising Intonation

The pitch begins to rise on the accented syllable and it continues to rise at the end of the tone unit/sentence/utterance. Questioning, uncertain statements, continuation

Mutual Understanding

What is the main goal of oral communication?

Stimulus

It is an idea or concept that the sender has and would like to convey.

Feedback

It is the process of ensuring that the message is received by the receiver.

Noise

It causes breakdown in the communication process; any barrier or hindrance that obstructs the understanding of the message.

Communis

Meaning of this is to make common, transmit and exchanging information

Herbert Paul Grice

Who is the philosopher proposed the Gricean Maxims?

Gricean Maxims

It helps the speakers and listeners understand each other cleary and avoid misunderstanding.

Cooperative Principle 1975

It is based on an assumption that participants in a cooperate with each other.

Sender

the person who intends to convey the message

Message/Ideas

the subject matter of the communication

Encoding

use of certain symbols such as words or actions

Communication channel

formal or informal channel used to transmit the message

Decoding

the process of converting and extracting them the meaning from the message

Context

refers to the interrelated conditions that affect the message

Physical Context

refers to the place, time, environment, and distance between communicators.

Social Context

refers to the relationship of the communicators.

Psychological Context

refers to the moods and feelings of the communicators.

Cultural Context

includes the beliefs and norms of the participants.

Channel

the means of delivering the message

Message

the main idea or information that the sender would like to convey to the receiver