lumbar spine

first compensatory curve

cervical curvature

cervical curvature

concave/lordotic

first primary curve

thoracic curvature

thoracic curvature

convex

second compensatory curve

lumbar curvature

lumbar curvature

concave/lordotic

second primary curve

sacral curvature

sacral curvature

convex

thoracic and sacral regions are

kyphotic

kyphosis

exaggerated thoracic curvature , humpback

kyphosis increased…..

convexity

lordosis

exaggerated lumbar curvature, swayback

lordosis increased….

concavity

scoliosis

abnormal lateral curvature

dextroscoliosis

abnormal curvature to right

levoscoliosis

abnormal curvature to the left

kyphotic

Normal primary (convex) curvature of thoracic and sacral region

lamina

posterior part of the vertebral arch

pedicle

posteriorly from either side of the vertebral body

intervertebral formaina

superior + inferior vertebral notches

intervertebral disk space

superior + inferior vertebral notches

pars interarticularis

Part of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes

90 degree midsagittal plane

intervertebral foramen

45 degree body rotation

zygapophyseal joint

30 - 50 degree midsagittal plane

z - joint form an angle open

30 degree midsagittal plane

lower/distal lumbar vertebrae

50 degree midsagittal plane

upper/proximal lumbar vertebra

ear

superior articular process

nose

transverse process

eye

pedicle

neck

pars interarticularis

leg

inferior articular process

lateral

intervertebral formanina

right posterior oblqiue

right z joint

left posterior oblique

left z joint

xiphoid tip

T9-T10

lower costal margin

L2-L3

lliac crest

L4-L5

ASIS

SI - S2

symphysis pubis

level of coccyx

ankylosing spondylitis

vertebral column fused

ankylosing spondylitis projections

AP, lateral, SI,

Compression

anterior wedging of vertebrae, loss of body height

compression projections

AP, lateral

Chance

fracture through vertebral body and posterior elements

chance projections

AP, lateral

herniated nucleus pulposus

narrow of intervertebral disk

herniated nucleus pulposus projections

AP, lateral

lordosis projections

lateral, scoliosis series ( erect PA - AP & lateral)

metastases destructive

irregualar margins and decreased density

Metastases: Osteoblastic

increased density

metastases combination

moth-eaten appearance

metastases projections

bone scan, ap, lateral of spine

scoliosis projections

erect PA and lateral

spina bifida

open posterior vertebra, exposure part of spinal cord

spina bifida projection

PA , lateral

spondylolisthesis

forward slipping of one vertebra in relation to another

spondylolisthesis projection

AP , lateral

spondylolysis

defect in pars interarticularis

spondylolysis projection

AP, lateral, oblique

AP Lumbar CR 14 x 17

at iiliac crest

AP Lumbar CR 11 x 14

1.5 above iiliac crest

oblique lumbar CR

1-2 inches above iiliac crest, 2 inches medial to upside ASIS

oblique lumbar body rotation

45

over- rotation of lumbar oblique

pedicle closer to midline and less seen

under-rotation of lumbar oblique

pedicle shown laterally and with more lamina (body)

lateral lumbar CR 14 x 17

at iiliac crest

lateral lumbar CR 11 x 14

1.5 inches above iiliac crest

anatomy on lateral lumbar

intervertebral disk + intervertebral formina open

L5 - S1 angle

5 - 8 caudad

L5 - S1 CR

1.5 inches inferior to crest + 2 inches posterior to ASIS

respiration on L5 - S1

suspend

respiration on AP lumbar

expiration

respiration on lateral lumbar

expiration

respiration on oblique lumbar

expiration