Chemistry Key Vocabulary

A set of vocabulary flashcards defining fundamental chemistry concepts from the provided transcript.

Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume).

Mass

The amount of matter in an object.

Atom

The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element.

Extensive properties

Properties that depend on the amount of matter present, such as mass and volume.

Intensive properties

Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present, such as density and melting point.

Physical properties

Characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing a substance into a different substance.

Physical change

A change in which the substance's identity remains the same, such as melting or cutting.

Chemical properties

Characteristics that describe a substance's ability to undergo a chemical change.

Chemical change

A change that produces one or more new substances with different chemical identities.

Phase change

A physical change from one state of matter to another, such as melting, freezing, or boiling.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are physically combined and can generally be separated by physical means.

Pure substance

Matter with a fixed, uniform composition; it is an element or compound.

Homogeneous mixture

A mixture with a uniform composition throughout.

Heterogeneous mixture

A mixture whose composition is not uniform throughout.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture in which one substance is uniformly dissolved in another.

Weight

The force of gravity acting on an object's mass.

Volume

The amount of space occupied by matter.

Density

Mass per unit volume; $\text{density} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{volume}}$.

Conversion factor

A ratio equal to $1$ that allows a measurement to be converted from one unit to another.

Accuracy

How close a measurement is to the accepted or true value.

Precision

How close repeated measurements are to one another.

Significant figures

The digits in a measurement that communicate its precision, including all certain digits and the first uncertain digit.

Scientific notation

A way of writing numbers as a number between $1$ and $10$ multiplied by a power of $10$.