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Universe/Population
Set (finite or infinite) of elements.
Target Population
Population (set of elements) that we want to know about certain characteristics (parameters).
Sampling frame
List of the elements of the target population. It should have a way (contact) of reaching people. It is from this list that the sample is selected. Ideally exhaustive and without duplication. We should ensure the quantity (how many in the list of elements) and if those behaviors (of the target population) are well represented or not. There are some errors (people that should be there and aren’t and vice-versa).
Sample
Subset of elements of a Target population from which we will collect data. If we select individuals that don’t belong to the target population, we should make a precise question to identify if they belong to it or not (qualification questions), if they don’t, we will exclude them.
Sampling
Sample selection.
Sampling Method
Sample selection procedure. (2 methods: Random Sample or Empirical Sampling).
Sampling Units
Elements selected for the sample. They can be elements of the Target population or sets of these elements.
Statistical units of inquiry
Elements (or set of elements) of the population we want to study, which have the data we want to know.
Variable of interest
Characteristics of the Target population that we want to know. It can be qualitive or quantitative.
THE MINIMUM SIZE OF A SAMPLE FOR IT TO BE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE POPULATION:
Depends on the diversity of the population (more diversity -> larger sample size)
For the sample to be representative it needs to have heterogeneity
Be representative <=> Explains what we want about the population
What is a Sampling Error?
Errors that we can measure and quantify by means of the absolute precision (d). Ex: selection errors, un-diverse sample.
What is a Non-Sampling Error?
Errors that we cannot quantify, just try to avoid and reduce. Ex: non answering, misunderstanding, not knowing the answer.
Study Error =
Sampling Error + Non Sampling Error
