PTA 2030 Exam 1 Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering core concepts for PTA 2030 Exam 1, including EBP, statistical errors, sensitivity/specificity, irritability, pain theories, motion types, and joint mobilization grades.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

Clinical decision-making integrating well-designed research, patient's goals, values, and circumstances, and the expertise of the clinician.

Type I Error

An error that occurs when an investigator concludes that a relationship exists when in fact it does not, resulting in a false-positive result.

Type II Error

An error that occurs when an investigator concludes that no relationship exists when in fact it does, resulting in a false-negative result.

p-value

The probability of committing a type I error, which is set prior to statistical analysis and generally accepted to be no more than $5\%$.

Specificity

A measurement of a test's ability to correctly rule out non-cases.

Sensitivity

A measurement of a test's ability to correctly detect a case.

High Irritability

A clinical level where general pain is $7/10+$, pain lingers for several hours after activity, and AROM is more limited than PROM.

Moderate Irritability

A clinical level where general pain is $4$ to $6$, pain subsides shortly after activity, and AROM is similar to PROM.

Low Irritability

A clinical level where general pain is $3$ or less, pain does not linger after activity, and AROM equals PROM.

Gate Theory of Pain Control

A concept introduced by Melzack and Wall in $1965$ stating that pain perception can be reduced by stimulation of non-painful receptors blocking pain inputs at the spinal cord level.

Neuromatrix Theory of Pain

A concept described by Melzack in $1999$ involving a network of brain nerves responsible for pain sensation, where pain is influenced by genetics, emotion, stress, sensory inputs, and cognition, and is modulated by the brain.

Physiological Motion

Motion resulting from concentric and eccentric active muscle contractions, involving bones moving about an axis or through flexion, extension, abduction, adductions, or rotation.

Accessory Motion

Motion of articular surfaces relative to one another involving the ligament and joint capsule, which is necessary for full range of physiological motion to occur.

Indications for Joint Mobilization

Clinical factors justifying joint mobilization, including pain, muscle guarding, and spasm, reversible joint hypomobility, positional faults/subluxations, progressive limitation, and functional immobility.

Contraindications for Joint Mobilization

Clinical factors prohibiting joint mobilization, including hypermobility, joint effusion, inflammation, and lack of patient consent.

Maitland Grade I

Small amplitude rhythmic oscillating movement within the beginning of the range of movement, used to manage pain and spasm.

Maitland Grade II

Large amplitude rhythmic oscillating movement within mid-range of movement, not reaching the limit or returning to the beginning, used to manage pain and spasm.

Maitland Grade III

Large amplitude rhythmic oscillating movement up to the point of limitation of movement, used to gain motion and stretch capsule and connective tissue structures.

Maitland Grade IV

Small amplitude rhythmic oscillating movement at the very end range of movement, used to gain motion when resistance limits movement in the absence of pain.