MAM MONIKA

Jean Piaget

Cognitive Development Theory

Albert Bandura

Social Learning Theory / Observational Learning.

Lev Vygotsky:

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and Scaffolding.

Jean Lave

Situated Learning Theory.

Cognition

Derived from Latin cognoscere ("to know," "to recognize," or "to conceptualize"); the mental process of acquiring knowledge through thought, experience, and the senses.

Cognitive Development:

Gradual, orderly changes through which mental processes become more complex.

Schema:

A mental model or pattern used to organize and interpret information (e.g., organization of knowledge, shaping perception and memory

Assimilation

Using an existing schema to handle a new object or situation.

Accommodation:

Modifying or changing an existing schema when it fails to work in a new situation.

Equilibration

A state of balance achieved when a child's schemas can handle most new information via assimilation

Sensorimotor

0–2 years

5 senses

Preoperational

2–7 years Language development, egocentric speech, symbolic play

Concrete Operationa

7 - 11 : Children begin to use logic

Formal Operational

• Abstract reasoning and logical manipulation of abstract symbols.

Egocentrism

Inability to see perspectives other than one's own

Animism

Treating inanimate objects as alive.

Concentration

Fixating on one salient aspect of a situation while ignoring others.

Social Learning Theory

Also known as Observational Learning—learning behaviors by watching others without direct instruction or experience

Albert Bandura

proponent of Social Learning Theory / Observational Learning

Conservation

Unaware that quantity remains constant despite changes in shape/appearance

Seriation

Sorting objects by size, shape, or characteristics

Attention. Retention. Production. Motivation & Reinforcement.

Elements of Observational Learning

Direct, Vicarious, Self-Reinforcement

Forms of Reinforcement

Lev Vygotsky

proponent of scaffolding and zpd

ZPD

The distance between a student's independent problem-solving ability and their potential development under adult guidance or peer collaboration.

Scaffolding

Providing contextual supports (simplified language, teacher modeling, visual aids, cooperative hands-on learning) to help students build understanding

Situated Learning theory

Learning occurs best when knowledge and skills are taught within the actual context where they will be applied.

Jean Lave

proponent of Situated Learning Theory

egocentrism animism concentration conservation

Key figures of Intuitive stage

Pedro Ponce

first experience in 1578

Jean marc itard

deaf, lack of socialization, sped can learn

Eduard Senguin

methods, independence

Maria Montessori

learning by doing, shapes

Ovide Decroly

DECROLY METHOD obs, exp, asso

Extermination

era of kill

Ridicule

circus, slave

Asylum

isolated sped era

Early Beginnings SPED

sped glow up era

DEPED

agency mandated to protect right of every PH citizen, quality educ

UNCRC

UN children have rights rather than OBJECTS

1994 SALAMANCA STATEMENT

1994 decl. all student learn together

UNCRPD

UN disabiltiies have rights

UPD Rights Indigenous People

declaration indigenous ppl rights

EDUCATION 2030 FRAMEWORK

Global Framework all country SDG

Complete Free Primary and Secondary Education

SDG 4 EDUCATION completed by prim and sec by 2030

1987 Philippine Constitution

art XIV S1 AND 2 promote educ to all levels

RA 10533

k - 12, enchanced basic educ act of 2013