Oral Cavity
Area from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus
Oral vestibule, Oral cavity proper
The oral cavity is divided into two spaces, namely?
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Oral Cavity
Area from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus
Oral vestibule, Oral cavity proper
The oral cavity is divided into two spaces, namely?
Lips, Oral tongue, Floor of mouth, Buccal mucosa, Gingiva, Hard palate, Retromolar trigone
The oral cavity is divided into seven subsites, namely?
Oral Vestibule
Slit-like space between the teeth and gingiva, and the lips and cheeks
Oral Cavity Proper
Space between the upper and lower dental arches
Dental arches
What is the lateral border of the oral cavity proper?
Palate
What is the superior border of the oral cavity proper?
Tongue
What is the inferior border of the oral cavity proper?
Oropharynx
What is the posterior border of the oral cavity proper?
Nares
What is the superior border of the lips?
Nasolabial sulci
What is the lateral border of the lips?
Mentolabial sulcus
What is the inferior border of the lips?
Nasolabial sulci
Separate the cheek from the lips
Mentolabial sulcus
Separates the chin from the lips
Lips
Functions: Valves of oral fissure. Grasping food, sucking liquids, forming speech, osculation
Vermillion Border of the Lip
Marks the beginning of the transitional zone between the skin and the mucous membrane of the lips
Oral commissure
The lateral junction of the lips is called the?
Philtrum
In the upper part of the lip is a tubercle and superior to that is a shallow groove called the?
Compression, contraction, and protrusion of lips
What is the action of the orbicularis oris?
Zygomatic, buccal, and mandibular branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
What is the innervation of the orbicularis oris?
Orbicularis oris
A sphincter muscle surrounding the lips.
Elevates upper lip, Dilates nares
What is the action of the levator labii superioris?
Zygomatic and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
What is the innervation of the levator labii superioris?
Elevates upper lip, Dilates nares
What is the action of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi?
Elevates angle of mouth
What is the action of the levator anguli oris?
Zygomatic and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
What is the innervation of the levator anguli oris?
Raises and protrudes lower lip
What is the action of the mentalis?
Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
What is the innervation of the mentalis?
Depresses angle of mouth
What is the action of the depressor anguli oris?
Marginal mandibular and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
What is the innervation of the depressor anguli oris?
Depresses lower lip; draws it lateral ward
What is the action of the depressor labii inferioris?
Marginal mandibular and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
What is the innervation of the depressor labii inferioris?
Retracts angle of mouth
What is the action of the risorius?
Zygomatic and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
What is the innervation of the risorius?
Draws angle of mouth backward and upward
What is the action of the zygomatic major?
Elevates upper lip
What is the action of the zygomatic minor?
Zygomatic and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)
What is the innervation of the zygomatic major and minor?
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) → Maxillary Division (V2) → Infraorbital Nerve
What is the sensory innervation of the upper lip?
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) → Mandibular Division (V3) → Mental Nerve
What is the sensory innervation of the lower lip?
External Carotid Artery → Facial Artery → Superior and Inferior Labial Artery
Trace the arterial blood supply of the lips
Superior and Inferior Labial Veins → Facial Vein → Internal Jugular Vein
Trace the venous drainage of the lips
Submandibular lymph nodes, Submental lymph nodes
What are the lymphatic drainages of the lips?
Cleft Lip
A common anatomical problem of the lip. Arises due to a problem in the embryological development of the lip during gestation. Normally, the orbicularis oris forms a complete sphincter around the oral cavity
Columella, Ala
In patients with cleft lip deformity, they do not not form a complete ring. Instead, one end of the muscle attaches into the ___ of the nose while the other end attaches to the __ of the nose
Nasal Alveolar Mold (NAM)
Cleft lip deformities are not usually corrected immediately at birth. Usually done a few months after birth. In the meantime, taping and the use of a _________________ is done to maintain structures in a normal position, making future repair easier
Gingiva
Also known as the alveolar ridges or gums. Fibrous tissue covered with mucus membrane
Gingiva Proper
Attached to alveolar part of the mandible and alveolar process of the maxilla and necks of the teeth
Alveolar Mucosa
Unattached mucosa continuous with the labial mucosa and buccal mucosa
Teeth
Located in the alveolus or gingiva
Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)
The sensation to the teeth and gingiva will be provided mainly by?
Maxillary Division (V2)
What division of the trigeminal nerve provides innervation to the maxillary teeth and gingiva?
Mandibular division (V3)
What division of the trigeminal nerve provides innervation to the mandibular teeth and gingiva?
Anterior superior alveolar branch
What is the sensory innervation of the incisors and canine in maxillary teeth?
Middle superior alveolar branch
What is the sensory innervation of the premolars and part of the first molar in maxillary teeth?
Posterior superior alveolar branch
What is the sensory innervation of the rest of the maxillary molar in maxillary teeth?
Incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve
What is the sensory innervation of the incisors and canine in mandibular teeth?
Inferior alveolar nerve
What is the sensory innervation of the rest of mandibular teeth in mandibular teeth?
Infraorbital nerve, Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Superior Alveolar Branches
What is the sensory innervation of the buccal side in the maxillary gingiva?
Nasopalatine nerve, Greater palatine nerve
What is the sensory innervation of the lingual side in the maxillary gingiva?
Buccal nerve, Mental nerve (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)
What is the sensory innervation of the buccal side in the mandibular gingiva?
Lingual nerve, Nerve to mylohyoid muslce
What is the sensory innervation of the lingual side in the mandibular gingiva?
Maxillary Artery (External Carotid Artery)
Arterial supply to the teeth and gingiva comes mainly from the?
Superior alveolar arteries, Greater palatine artery
Maxillary gingiva and teeth supplied by the?
Inferior alveolar artery
Mandibular gingiva and teeth supplied by the?
Superior alveolar vein, Palatine vein → Pterygoid plexus → Maxillary vein → Retromandibular vein → Internal jugular vein
What is the venous drainage of the maxillary gingiva?
Mental vein → Inferior alveolar vein → Maxillary vein → Retromandibular vein → Internal jugular vein
What is the venous drainage of the mandibular gingiva?
Submandibular Nodes
Both the mandibular and maxillary alveoli will drain directly into the?
Palate
Forms the arched roof of the mouth and floor of nasal cavities. Mucosa is tightly bound to underlying bone. Continuous to the mucosa of the lingual gingiva
Incisive papilla
Located midline, posterior to the maxillary incisor. Overlying the incisive fossa
Transverse palatine fold
Assist with manipulation of food during mastication
Palatine raphe
Marks the site of fusion of the embryonic palatal process
Hard Palate
Formed by the palatine process of maxillary bone and horizontal plate of palatine bone
Incisive fossa
Depression in the midline of the bony palate posterior to the central incisor. Location where nasopalatine nerve passes
Greater palatine foramen
Medial to the 3rd molar tooth. Transmits greater palatine nerve and vessels
Lesser palatine foramen
Posterior to the greater palatine foramen. Transmits lesser palatine nerve and vessels
Greater palatine nerve, Nasopalatine nerve
The innervation of the hard palate is provided mainly by the maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve, specifically the?
Greater palatine artery
What is the arterial supply of the hard palate?
Palatine vein → Pterygoid plexus
What is the venous drainage of the hard palate?
Submandibular nodes, Retropharyngeal nodes, Superior deep lateral cervical nodes
What is the lymphatic drainage of the hard palate?
Soft Palate
Movable posterior third of the palate
Aponeurotic part of Soft Palate
Formed mainly by palatine aponeurosis. Anterior part of the soft palate. Attaches to the posterior edge of the hard palate
Muscular part of Soft Palate
Posterior part of the soft palate. Terminates into the uvula. Curved free margin at the postero-inferior
Fauces
The space between the oral cavity and pharynx
Borders:
Superior: Soft palate
Lateral: Pillars of the fauces
Palatoglossal arch
Palatopharyngeal arch
Inferior: Base of the tongue
Anterior: Palatoglossal folds
Posterior: Palatopharyngeal folds
Isthmus of the Fauces
The short, constricted space that connects the oral cavity proper to the oropharynx
Palatine tonsils
The isthmus of the fauces contains the
Tensor Veli Palatini
Courses inferiorly and pass through the pterygoid hamulus before inserting itself into the palatine aponeurosis. Helps equalize pressure between air and external environment (noticeable when diving, going to elevated places, etc.)
Tenses the soft palate; Opens Eustachian tube during swallowing and yawning
What is the action of the tensor veli palatini?
Trigeminal Nerve
What is the innervation of the tensor veli palatini?
Elevates the soft palate during swallowing
What is the action of the levator veli palatini?
Vagus nerve
What is the innervation of the levator veli palatini?
Palatoglossus
Forms the anterior pillars of the fauces
Depresses palate; Elevates posterior tongue
What is the action of the palatoglossus?
Vagus nerve
What is the innervation of the palatoglossus?
Palatopharyngeus
Forms the posterior pillars of the fauces. Considered both a palatal muscle and pharyngeal muscle
Tenses the soft palate; Pulls walls of the pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing
What is the action of the palatopharyngeus?
Vagus nerve
What is the innervation of the palatopharyngeus?
Shortens, elevates, and retracts uvula of the palate
What is the action of the mucus uvulae?
Vagus nerve
What is the innervation of the mucus uvulae?
Lesser Palatine Nerve
Comes from the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal Nerve → Maxillary Division (V2) → Lesser Palatine Nerve
Lesser Palatine Artery
Provides arterial supply to the palate, from the maxillary artery, which is a branch of the external carotid artery. External carotid artery → Maxillary artery Greater descending palatine artery → Lesser palatine artery