Anatomy - Oral Cavity and Pharynx

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Oral Cavity

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Area from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus

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Oral vestibule, Oral cavity proper

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The oral cavity is divided into two spaces, namely?

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198 Terms

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Oral Cavity

Area from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus

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Oral vestibule, Oral cavity proper

The oral cavity is divided into two spaces, namely?

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Lips, Oral tongue, Floor of mouth, Buccal mucosa, Gingiva, Hard palate, Retromolar trigone

The oral cavity is divided into seven subsites, namely?

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Oral Vestibule

Slit-like space between the teeth and gingiva, and the lips and cheeks

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Oral Cavity Proper

Space between the upper and lower dental arches

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Dental arches

What is the lateral border of the oral cavity proper?

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Palate

What is the superior border of the oral cavity proper?

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Tongue

What is the inferior border of the oral cavity proper?

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Oropharynx

What is the posterior border of the oral cavity proper?

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Nares

What is the superior border of the lips?

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Nasolabial sulci

What is the lateral border of the lips?

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Mentolabial sulcus

What is the inferior border of the lips?

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Nasolabial sulci

Separate the cheek from the lips

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Mentolabial sulcus

Separates the chin from the lips

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Lips

Functions: Valves of oral fissure. Grasping food, sucking liquids, forming speech, osculation

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Vermillion Border of the Lip

Marks the beginning of the transitional zone between the skin and the mucous membrane of the lips

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Oral commissure

The lateral junction of the lips is called the?

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Philtrum

In the upper part of the lip is a tubercle and superior to that is a shallow groove called the?

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Compression, contraction, and protrusion of lips

What is the action of the orbicularis oris?

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Zygomatic, buccal, and mandibular branch of facial nerve (CN VII)

What is the innervation of the orbicularis oris?

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Orbicularis oris

A sphincter muscle surrounding the lips.

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Elevates upper lip, Dilates nares

What is the action of the levator labii superioris?

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Zygomatic and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

What is the innervation of the levator labii superioris?

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Elevates upper lip, Dilates nares

What is the action of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi?

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Elevates angle of mouth

What is the action of the levator anguli oris?

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Zygomatic and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

What is the innervation of the levator anguli oris?

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Raises and protrudes lower lip

What is the action of the mentalis?

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Marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

What is the innervation of the mentalis?

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Depresses angle of mouth

What is the action of the depressor anguli oris?

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Marginal mandibular and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

What is the innervation of the depressor anguli oris?

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Depresses lower lip; draws it lateral ward

What is the action of the depressor labii inferioris?

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Marginal mandibular and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

What is the innervation of the depressor labii inferioris?

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Retracts angle of mouth

What is the action of the risorius?

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Zygomatic and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

What is the innervation of the risorius?

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Draws angle of mouth backward and upward

What is the action of the zygomatic major?

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Elevates upper lip

What is the action of the zygomatic minor?

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Zygomatic and buccal branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

What is the innervation of the zygomatic major and minor?

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Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) → Maxillary Division (V2) → Infraorbital Nerve

What is the sensory innervation of the upper lip?

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Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) → Mandibular Division (V3) → Mental Nerve

What is the sensory innervation of the lower lip?

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External Carotid Artery → Facial Artery → Superior and Inferior Labial Artery

Trace the arterial blood supply of the lips

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Superior and Inferior Labial Veins → Facial Vein → Internal Jugular Vein

Trace the venous drainage of the lips

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Submandibular lymph nodes, Submental lymph nodes

What are the lymphatic drainages of the lips?

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Cleft Lip

A common anatomical problem of the lip. Arises due to a problem in the embryological development of the lip during gestation. Normally, the orbicularis oris forms a complete sphincter around the oral cavity

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Columella, Ala

In patients with cleft lip deformity, they do not not form a complete ring. Instead, one end of the muscle attaches into the ___ of the nose while the other end attaches to the __ of the nose

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Nasal Alveolar Mold (NAM)

Cleft lip deformities are not usually corrected immediately at birth. Usually done a few months after birth. In the meantime, taping and the use of a _________________ is done to maintain structures in a normal position, making future repair easier

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Gingiva

Also known as the alveolar ridges or gums. Fibrous tissue covered with mucus membrane

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Gingiva Proper

Attached to alveolar part of the mandible and alveolar process of the maxilla and necks of the teeth

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Alveolar Mucosa

Unattached mucosa continuous with the labial mucosa and buccal mucosa

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Teeth

Located in the alveolus or gingiva

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Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

The sensation to the teeth and gingiva will be provided mainly by?

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Maxillary Division (V2)

What division of the trigeminal nerve provides innervation to the maxillary teeth and gingiva?

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Mandibular division (V3)

What division of the trigeminal nerve provides innervation to the mandibular teeth and gingiva?

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Anterior superior alveolar branch

What is the sensory innervation of the incisors and canine in maxillary teeth?

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Middle superior alveolar branch

What is the sensory innervation of the premolars and part of the first molar in maxillary teeth?

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Posterior superior alveolar branch

What is the sensory innervation of the rest of the maxillary molar in maxillary teeth?

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Incisive branch of the inferior alveolar nerve

What is the sensory innervation of the incisors and canine in mandibular teeth?

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Inferior alveolar nerve

What is the sensory innervation of the rest of mandibular teeth in mandibular teeth?

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Infraorbital nerve, Anterior, Middle, and Posterior Superior Alveolar Branches

What is the sensory innervation of the buccal side in the maxillary gingiva?

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Nasopalatine nerve, Greater palatine nerve

What is the sensory innervation of the lingual side in the maxillary gingiva?

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Buccal nerve, Mental nerve (branch of inferior alveolar nerve)

What is the sensory innervation of the buccal side in the mandibular gingiva?

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Lingual nerve, Nerve to mylohyoid muslce

What is the sensory innervation of the lingual side in the mandibular gingiva?

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Maxillary Artery (External Carotid Artery)

Arterial supply to the teeth and gingiva comes mainly from the?

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Superior alveolar arteries, Greater palatine artery

Maxillary gingiva and teeth supplied by the?

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Inferior alveolar artery

Mandibular gingiva and teeth supplied by the?

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Superior alveolar vein, Palatine vein → Pterygoid plexus → Maxillary vein → Retromandibular vein → Internal jugular vein

What is the venous drainage of the maxillary gingiva?

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Mental vein → Inferior alveolar vein → Maxillary vein → Retromandibular vein → Internal jugular vein

What is the venous drainage of the mandibular gingiva?

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Submandibular Nodes

Both the mandibular and maxillary alveoli will drain directly into the?

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Palate

Forms the arched roof of the mouth and floor of nasal cavities. Mucosa is tightly bound to underlying bone. Continuous to the mucosa of the lingual gingiva

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Incisive papilla

Located midline, posterior to the maxillary incisor. Overlying the incisive fossa

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Transverse palatine fold

Assist with manipulation of food during mastication

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Palatine raphe

Marks the site of fusion of the embryonic palatal process

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Hard Palate

Formed by the palatine process of maxillary bone and horizontal plate of palatine bone

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Incisive fossa

Depression in the midline of the bony palate posterior to the central incisor. Location where nasopalatine nerve passes

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Greater palatine foramen

Medial to the 3rd molar tooth. Transmits greater palatine nerve and vessels

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Lesser palatine foramen

Posterior to the greater palatine foramen. Transmits lesser palatine nerve and vessels

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Greater palatine nerve, Nasopalatine nerve

The innervation of the hard palate is provided mainly by the maxillary division (V2) of the trigeminal nerve, specifically the?

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Greater palatine artery

What is the arterial supply of the hard palate?

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Palatine vein → Pterygoid plexus

What is the venous drainage of the hard palate?

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Submandibular nodes, Retropharyngeal nodes, Superior deep lateral cervical nodes

What is the lymphatic drainage of the hard palate?

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Soft Palate

Movable posterior third of the palate

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Aponeurotic part of Soft Palate

Formed mainly by palatine aponeurosis. Anterior part of the soft palate. Attaches to the posterior edge of the hard palate

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Muscular part of Soft Palate

Posterior part of the soft palate. Terminates into the uvula. Curved free margin at the postero-inferior

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Fauces

The space between the oral cavity and pharynx

Borders:

Superior: Soft palate

Lateral: Pillars of the fauces

Palatoglossal arch

Palatopharyngeal arch

Inferior: Base of the tongue

Anterior: Palatoglossal folds

Posterior: Palatopharyngeal folds

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Isthmus of the Fauces

The short, constricted space that connects the oral cavity proper to the oropharynx

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Palatine tonsils

The isthmus of the fauces contains the

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Tensor Veli Palatini

Courses inferiorly and pass through the pterygoid hamulus before inserting itself into the palatine aponeurosis. Helps equalize pressure between air and external environment (noticeable when diving, going to elevated places, etc.)

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Tenses the soft palate; Opens Eustachian tube during swallowing and yawning

What is the action of the tensor veli palatini?

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Trigeminal Nerve

What is the innervation of the tensor veli palatini?

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Elevates the soft palate during swallowing

What is the action of the levator veli palatini?

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Vagus nerve

What is the innervation of the levator veli palatini?

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Palatoglossus

Forms the anterior pillars of the fauces

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Depresses palate; Elevates posterior tongue

What is the action of the palatoglossus?

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Vagus nerve

What is the innervation of the palatoglossus?

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Palatopharyngeus

Forms the posterior pillars of the fauces. Considered both a palatal muscle and pharyngeal muscle

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Tenses the soft palate; Pulls walls of the pharynx superiorly, anteriorly, and medially during swallowing

What is the action of the palatopharyngeus?

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Vagus nerve

What is the innervation of the palatopharyngeus?

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Shortens, elevates, and retracts uvula of the palate

What is the action of the mucus uvulae?

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Vagus nerve

What is the innervation of the mucus uvulae?

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Lesser Palatine Nerve

Comes from the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve. Trigeminal Nerve → Maxillary Division (V2) → Lesser Palatine Nerve

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Lesser Palatine Artery

Provides arterial supply to the palate, from the maxillary artery, which is a branch of the external carotid artery. External carotid artery → Maxillary artery Greater descending palatine artery → Lesser palatine artery