the study of food as it relates to the history, progression and future
development of society.
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Folklore
consists of legends, music, art, spoken history, popular beliefs, fairy tales, stories, tall
tales, customs, and superstitions that are traditions of a culture or group
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American Folklore
encompasses folk traditions that have evolved since Europeans arrived in
the 16th Century as well as Native American myths and legends
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Superstitions
\~Beliefs in supernatural forces, such as fate
\~The desire to influence unpredictable factors and a need to resolve uncertainty
\~Irrational
\~Often passed down from generation to generation
\~Provides a sense of control and reduces anxiety
\~Superstitions are part of folklore
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Legends
traditional story popular by history but not authentic
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Power
the ability to bring about an intended outcome, even when it is opposed by
others
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Empowerment
increases the capacity to bring about an intended outcome
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Persuade
get people’s compliance by convincing them of the correctness of your
position and goals
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Reward
encourage compliance in people by offering incentives
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Coerce
force compliance by threatening, intimidating, pressuring or harming them
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Reward Power
the control one group has over valued resources that can be used to
provide positive incentives
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Coercive Power
the ability to punish, withholding valued resources or by inflicting
verbal or physical harm
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Legitimate Power
exercised by those who invoke a feeling of obligation, one should obey
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Referent Power
based on feelings or identification, affection and respect for another
person, even if that person does not seek influence over others
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Expert Power
arises from the perception that a person has superior knowledge in a particular area
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Informational Power
based on a person’s use of facts
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Power Tactics
the specific strategies people use to influence others in everyday life
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Hard
forceful, direct, and hars
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Soft
focus on relationships and relationship building
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Rational
appeal to logic and include bargaining and reasonable persuasion
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Non-rational
emotional appeal that does not make sense
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Unilateral
do not require cooperation to initiate, they include demands, orders or
disengagement
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Bilateral
involves give and take, negotiation and discussion
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Economic Power
allocating resources
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Political Power
making decision and rules for society
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Cultural Power
defining reality
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Traditional Authority
typically legitimate power because of compliance with
well-established cultural practices
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Rational-Legal Authority
typically legitimate power because it is based in established
laws, rules and procedures
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Charismatic Authority
typically legitimate power that is derived from the extraordinary personal characteristics of an individual leader, which inspire loyalty and devotion
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Standpoint Theory
questions the idea of taken for granted assumptions about society by looking at it from multiple viewpoints, especially from the perspective of people in subordinate positions
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Standpoint
the place from which a person views the world
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Class
a group of people who share a roughly similar economic position and lifestyle
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Class Mobility
the ability to move from one social class to another
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Structural Mobility
a shift in the available occupation changes the class system as a whole
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Individual Mobility
when a person’s class position changes with any change in the larger class structure
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Life Chances
the opportunities offered by a person’s economic position
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Social Closure
the process in which a status group maximizes its own advantages by restricting access to reward only to members of the group.
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Discrimination
social closure involves discrimination, treating others unequally based on their background or other personal characteristics