Sociology of food
the study of food as it relates to the history, progression and future
development of society.
Folklore
consists of legends, music, art, spoken history, popular beliefs, fairy tales, stories, tall
tales, customs, and superstitions that are traditions of a culture or group
American Folklore
encompasses folk traditions that have evolved since Europeans arrived in
the 16th Century as well as Native American myths and legends
Superstitions
~Beliefs in supernatural forces, such as fate
~The desire to influence unpredictable factors and a need to resolve uncertainty
~Irrational
~Often passed down from generation to generation
~Provides a sense of control and reduces anxiety
~Superstitions are part of folklore
Legends
traditional story popular by history but not authentic
Power
the ability to bring about an intended outcome, even when it is opposed by
others
Empowerment
increases the capacity to bring about an intended outcome
Persuade
get people’s compliance by convincing them of the correctness of your
position and goals
Reward
encourage compliance in people by offering incentives
Coerce
force compliance by threatening, intimidating, pressuring or harming them
Reward Power
the control one group has over valued resources that can be used to
provide positive incentives
Coercive Power
the ability to punish, withholding valued resources or by inflicting
verbal or physical harm
Legitimate Power
exercised by those who invoke a feeling of obligation, one should obey
Referent Power
based on feelings or identification, affection and respect for another
person, even if that person does not seek influence over others
Expert Power
arises from the perception that a person has superior knowledge in a particular area
Informational Power
based on a person’s use of facts
Power Tactics
the specific strategies people use to influence others in everyday life
Hard
forceful, direct, and hars
Soft
focus on relationships and relationship building
Rational
appeal to logic and include bargaining and reasonable persuasion
Non-rational
emotional appeal that does not make sense
Unilateral
do not require cooperation to initiate, they include demands, orders or
disengagement
Bilateral
involves give and take, negotiation and discussion
Economic Power
allocating resources
Political Power
making decision and rules for society
Cultural Power
defining reality
Traditional Authority
typically legitimate power because of compliance with
well-established cultural practices
Rational-Legal Authority
typically legitimate power because it is based in established
laws, rules and procedures
Charismatic Authority
typically legitimate power that is derived from the extraordinary personal characteristics of an individual leader, which inspire loyalty and devotion
Standpoint Theory
questions the idea of taken for granted assumptions about society by looking at it from multiple viewpoints, especially from the perspective of people in subordinate positions
Standpoint
the place from which a person views the world
Class
a group of people who share a roughly similar economic position and lifestyle
Class Mobility
the ability to move from one social class to another
Structural Mobility
a shift in the available occupation changes the class system as a whole
Individual Mobility
when a person’s class position changes with any change in the larger class structure
Life Chances
the opportunities offered by a person’s economic position
Social Closure
the process in which a status group maximizes its own advantages by restricting access to reward only to members of the group.
Discrimination
social closure involves discrimination, treating others unequally based on their background or other personal characteristics