Human Resource Marketing

Prospective Employees

People who are applying for or being considered for a job.

Current Employees

People who are already working for an organization.

Illegal Discrimination

Actions that unfairly treat members of a protected class differently from others.

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964

A law that prohibits employment discrimination and promotes equal employment opportunities.

Bona Fide Occupational Qualification (BFOQ)

A job requirement based on a characteristic that is legitimately necessary to perform the job.

Business Necessity

The need for an employer to show that a hiring or employment requirement is necessary for the business.

Disparate Impact

A neutral employment practice that disproportionately excludes a protected group.

Prima Facie Case

A case that has enough initial evidence to support a claim unless proven otherwise.

Four-Fifths Rule

A rule stating that disparate impact may exist when a protected group's selection rate is less than 80% of the majority group's rate.

Geographical Comparisons

Comparing the characteristics of qualified applicants in an area with the characteristics of current employees.

McDonnell Douglas Test

A legal framework used to help establish a case of employment discrimination.

Pattern or Practice Discrimination

Discrimination that occurs repeatedly against a group on a classwide or systemic basis.

Retaliation

Action taken by an organization against an employee for opposing illegal employment practices or filing a discrimination claim.

Employer Defense

A reason or evidence an employer uses to defend against a discrimination claim.

Protected Class

A group of people who share characteristics protected from discrimination by law.

Affirmative Action

Steps organizations take to actively seek qualified applicants from groups that are underrepresented in the workforce.

Performance Appraisal

The process of evaluating an employee's job performance.

Subsequent Job Placement

Moving or assigning current employees to different positions within an organization.

Training and Development

Programs that help employees improve their skills and abilities.

Career and Promotion Opportunities

Chances for employees to advance and grow within an organization.

Human Resources (HR)

People employed by an organization to perform jobs and tasks in exchange for wages.

Human Resource Management (HRM)

Managerial activities used to effectively manage an organization's employees.

Outsourcing

Hiring an outside company to perform certain HR or organizational functions.

Personnel Management

An earlier approach to managing employees that focused on hiring, administration, and employee-related tasks.

Personnel Department

A specialized department responsible for employee administration and hiring.

Organizational Goals

Objectives an organization works to achieve.

Productivity

The amount or efficiency of work produced by employees.

Quality

The standard or level of excellence of work or products.

Legal Goals

Following employment laws and regulations.

Social Goals

Meeting responsibilities to employees and society.

Fair Pay

Providing employees with appropriate and equitable compensation for their work.

Workplace Safety

Protecting employees from dangerous or harmful working conditions.

Diversity

The presence of people with different backgrounds, characteristics, and experiences in an organization.

Ethical Treatment

Treating employees fairly, honestly, and respectfully.

Community Involvement

An organization's participation in and responsibility toward its community.

Individual Growth

Helping employees develop their skills, careers, and potential.

Psychological Contract

The informal expectations and beliefs employees and employers have about their work relationship.

Employee Expectations

What employees believe they should receive or experience from their employer.

Meaningful Work

Work that employees find valuable, fulfilling, or purposeful.

Scientific Management

A management approach focused on improving efficiency and productivity by finding the best way to perform tasks.

Human Relations Era

A period when management began focusing more on employee needs, attitudes, relationships, and motivation.

Hawthorne Studies

Studies that helped show that social and psychological factors can influence employee performance.

MeToo Movement

A movement that brought increased attention to sexual harassment and misconduct, especially in workplaces.

Sexual Harassment

Unwanted sexual behavior or conduct that creates a hostile or uncomfortable work environment.

Inflation

A general increase in prices that reduces the purchasing power of money.

Stakeholder Expectations

The expectations that employees, customers, communities, and other groups have of an organization.

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)

Approaches focused on creating fair opportunities, representation, and inclusion for different groups.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory stating that people are motivated by different levels of needs, from basic needs to personal fulfillment.

Physiological Needs

Basic survival needs such as food, water, and shelter.

Safety Needs

The need for security, protection, and a safe environment.

Belongingness Needs

The need for relationships, friendship, and acceptance.

Esteem Needs

The need for respect, recognition, achievement, and feeling valued.

Self-Actualization

The desire to reach one's full potential and achieve personal growth.