king master nursing study set

• opiods, example, antidote, when to hold, what to watch for 

• NSAIDs, example, risks of using

• Opiods, morphine, naloxone, hold when respirations are less tham 12, watch RR and HR

• NSAIDs, ibuprofen, GI bleed, renal issues (kidney)

• bronchodilators (albuterol)- what does it do? what are 2 side effects?

• steroids (prednisone)- what does it do? what are some side effects? what is the long term risk of taking these medications for a long time?

• bronchodilators: open ariway, side effects of tachy and tremors bc the body is fighting an asthma attack so think fight or flight

• steroids: decrease inflammation, side effects are increased appetite, weight gain, increase in glucose, INCREASE INFECTION AND LONG TERM USE LEADS TO OSTEOPOROSIS

• Anticoags and antiplatlets: examples and what it is, cautions, lab, and antidote

• Heparin: fast acting anticoagulant, watch for bleeding, lab is PTT, antidote is protamine sulfate

• Warfarin (Coumadin): oral anticoagulant for long-term, watch (too much K is a blood thinner), lab is INR, antidote is vit K 

• Asprin/Clopidogrel: antiplatelets, prevent clots from sticking together, watch all bleeding labs

• norepinephrine and epi uses

• norepinephrine: rapidly elevate and sustain a dangerously low BP in an emergency

• epi: anaphylaxis emergency, cardiac arrest bc it stimulates blood flow to the heart

• diuretics: examples, use, side effects, cautions: furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, spironolactone

example: listed above

use: decrease fluid or edema, HF, hypertension,

side effects: hypotension, decrease K

cautions: watch for K and dehydration

• spironolactone: potassium SAVER

• Ca channel blockers: example, use, side effects, cautions

• example: amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil

  uses: decrease BP via vasodilation CAUSES EDEMA

  side effects: HTN, angina, some arrhythmias

  cautions: watch for hypotension, edema, and constipation

• Beta Blockers: example, use, side effects, cautions

example: metoprolol

use: lower HR and BP

side effects: low HR 

cautions: DO NOT GIVE IF HR LESS THAN 60

• ARBs: example, use, side effects, cautions

example: losartan

use: lower BP

side effect: NO cough 

caution: increase K

• ace inhibitors: example, use, side effects, cautions

example: lisinopril

use: lower BP (and has renal protection which ARB's do not) 

side effects: cough 

cautions: this medication raises potassium levels **

• HbA1C normal value and what it tells you

• less than 5.7% and it tells you blood glucose over 3 months

• pH, Co2, HCO3 ranges

pH: 7.35-7.45

Co2: 7.45-7.35

HCO3: 22-26

PT, INR, and aPTT ranges and uses

PT: 11-13.5 seconds: clotting time for warfarin

INR: 0.8-1.2: warfarin monitoring

aPTT: 30-40 sec: heparin monitoring

troponin, BNP, and CK-MB ranges and uses

troponin: less than 0.04: MI/ herat attack

BNP: less than 100: HF severity

CKMB: 0-5: cardiac muscle damage

platlets range and use

150-400 x 10^3: bloods clotting ability

hemoglobin and hematocrit ranges and uses

HbG: Males 14-18 females 12-16: oxygen delivery to the body

Hct:males 42-52% and females 37-47%: % of RBC in the blood

• WBC and RBC ranges and uses

WBC: 4.5-11.0 x 10^3: infection

RBC: 4.2-6.1: carries oxygen to the body

• lactate range and use

• 0.5-2: elevated = poor perfusion, spepsis, or shock

• billirubin range and use

• 0.1-1.2: billirubin is RBC breakdown in the form of yellow pigmentation: it is produced when RBC are broken down in the liver

• AST AND ALT ranges and uses

AST: 10-40

ALT: 7-56

liver fnx.

• albumin range and use

• 3.5-5, shows nutrition and fluid balance- albumin is a liver protein 

• B. U. N. (not bun) and creatinine ranges and uses

BUN: 7-20 (specifically hydration)

Creatinine: 0.6-1.3

Kidney fnx.

• sodium range and what it affects

• 135-145, neuro and seizures

• potassium range and what it tells you

• 3.5-5, cardiac, dysrhythmias

• magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus lab ranges 

mg: 1.3-2.1: energy, mucles, bones, nerve regulation, BP regulation

Ca: 8.5-10: bones

PO: 2.5-4.5: energy, bones, muscles

• Rapid acting insulin: examples, onset, peak, f u c k duration, when to give

• Short

• Intermediate

• Long

rapid: onset (takes to kick in) 15 min ~ peak 1-2 ~ give right before

short: onset 30 min ~ peak 2-4 ~ give 30 mins before ~ ONLY IV INSULIN

NPH: onset 1-2 hrs ~ 4-12 ~ 2 times daily morn and night - CLOUDY CAN MIX

Long: onset 1-4 ~ no peak NO MIXING ~ same time daily

ONSET remember 15 then double from there 15, 30, 1-2, 2-4

peak is the second thing to remember so we start w 2 then double to 4-12

duration:

metformin use and important to watch

metformin is for type 2 diabetes and you hold before contrast dye and watch kidneys, take w meals

levothyroxine uses, when to give, and signs it is working

levothroxine is for hypothyroidism, take in the morning on an empty stomach and signs it is improving is increase energy

Penicillins/ cephalosporins/ vancomyicin, -floxins, azithromyicin, amoxicillin

antibiotics!! take full course, cultures before, watch for reactions adn monitor for C diff

acyclovir, valacyclovir, oseltamivir (tamiflu)

antivirals

benzodiazepines OD antidote

flumazenil

heparin OD antidote

protamine sulfate

warfarin OD antidote

vit k

acetaminophen OD antidote

acetylcysteine