Thermoregulation and Countercurrent exchange Part 1

denature

Overheating can cause enzymes and other proteins to _____ and cease functioning

slow

A sharp drop in body temperature, can ____ enzyme function and energy production

conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation

4 mechs of heat exchange

high → low

heat flows from a regions of _____ temp

Conduction

direct transfer of heat between two physical \n bodies that are in contact with each other

Convection

a special case of conduction:

* heat is exchanged between a solid and a moving liquid/gas

Radiation

transfer of heat between two objects that are not in direct contact

Ex: sun

Evaporation

occurs when a liquid becomes a gas; leads ONLY to heat loss

Endotherm

heat byproduct of chemical reactions warms the body

Ectotherm

heat comes from the environment

Homeotherm

(Alike heat) animals that keep their body heat constant

Poikilotherm

( Varied heat) animals that allow their body temperature to rise or fall depending on environmental conditions

endothermic homeotherms

dogs and humans are __________ . They maintain constant body temp

* this is because of panting/shivering

ectothermic poikilotherms

most freshwater and terrestrial invertebrates, fishes, amphibians and non-avian reptiles are _________ whose body temp CHANGE throughout the day and seasonally

* they change when water warms/cools

Torpor

a temporary drop in body temp

Hibernation

a longer drop in body temp

mammals, brids

Examples of endotherms are ____ and …….

* feathers and fur help retain heat

constant, winter, night, high

Advantages of endothermy

* Enzymes are maintained at ______ temperature at all times.
* can be active in …………… and at ……….
* HIGH metabolic rate of these animals enables them to sustain ______ levels of aerobic activity, such as running or flying

larger, growth, reproduction

Disadvantages of ENDOTHERMY:

* Must consume _____ quantities of energy-rich food.
* Energy used to produce heat is UNAVAILABLE for ______ , ………………., and other processes.

amphibians, fish, invertebrates, reptiles

4 Examples of ectotherms:

less, reproduction

Advantages of ectothermy:

* Survive on ____food
* Greater proportion of their energy allocated to ________

lose

small mammals that inhabit cold climates ____ heat rapidly

slow down, predation, less

Disadvantages of ECTOTHERMY:

* Temperature-dependent chemical reactions _______ as body temperature DROPS
* Molecular activities are SLOWER in cold environments, making these animals more vulnerable to ______
* Overall, _____ successful at inhabiting cold environments