teas human anatomy and physiology

Blood Pressure

the amount of force your blood uses to get through your arteries

Alkalosis

excess base in body fluids

Acidosis

excess acid in body fluids

Testosterone is an _

androgen (male sex hormone)

Active Immunity

immune system makes antibodies after it sees a germ

Passive Immunity

short-term protection against a disease provided by administration of antibodies

Eccrine Gland

sweat gland (cools body, regulates temp, excretes water fluid)

Apocrine Gland

secretes thick oily fluid into hair follicles(produces body odor and activate during stress)

Sebaceous Gland

secrete sebum (waterproofs and lubricates skin)

Long Bones

longer than they are wide

Short Bones

cube shape (provides stability and support for motion)

Irregular Bones

complex and unusual shape(protections attachment, support)

The Suffix -clast Means?

broken or to break

The Suffix -blast Means?

immature, growing, or formative

Coronal Plane

divides body into front and back

Sagittal Plane

divides body into left and right

Transverse Plane

line that divides the body into upper and lower sections

Anatomical Planes

Imaginary divisions of the body

Central Nervous System(CNS)

main control center for the body (processing and homeostasis)

Peripheral Nervous System(PNS)

communication highway for movement and senses

Cerebrum

largest part of brain. controls thinking,memory,speech, and movement

Brain

the control center of body

Brainstem

connects brain to spinal cord

Cerebellum

"little brain" (movement, coordination, balance, motor learning)

Midbrain

controls visual and auditory reflexes, eye movements, motor coordination

Pons

A brain structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

Medulla

the base of the brainstem; controls heartbeat and breathing

Spinal Cord

Sends signals between brain and rest of body

Meninges

three protective membrane layers (protect brain and

spinal cord)

Dura Mater

tough outer layer of the meninges

Arachnoid Mater

weblike middle layer of the three meninges

Pia Mater

thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

Autonomic

controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands (involuntary)

Somatic

pertaining to the body

Unconscious Processes

Mental activities outside of conscious awareness.

Sensory

senes and how nervous system sends and receives messages from sense organs

Motor

movement

Axon

long, thin fiber that extends from a nerve cell (neuron)

Dendrites

branched extension of a neuron that receives and transmits signals to cell body

Myelin

a fatty substance that helps insulate neurons and speeds the transmission of nerve impulses

Glial Cells

cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons

Astrocytes(central)

form blood brain barrier

Oligodendrocytes(central)

produce myelin in CNS

Microglia(central)

immune surveillance, eliminates weak synapse, phagocytosis

Ependymal cells(central)

produce cerebrospinal fluid

Schwann Cells(peripheral)

insulate axons in PNS

Satellite Cells(peripheral)

protect neuron cell bodies

ADH is secreted from _

posterior pituitary gland

Path Of Blood Flow Through The Heart

moves oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body

Steroid Hormone

fat-soluble chemical messenger synthesized from cholesterol

Non Steroid Hormone

water soluble chemical messengers made from amino acids

Antagonistic Pairs

groups of muscle that work in opposite directions

Gonads

sex glands

Adrenal Medulla

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Adrenal Cortex

outer section of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

Pancreas

An organs in the abdominal cavity with two roles (exo= digest. endo=release hormones)

Parathyroid

in the neck; controls the calcium levels in your body

Thyroid

secretes hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and appetite

(back)Posterior Pituitary

stores and releases oxytocin and antidiuretic

(front)Anterior Pituitary

makes and releases hormones under regulation of the hypothalamus

Hypothalamus

body's main control center (homeostasis,body temp, hormone release)

Peptide Hormone

made of small chains of amino acids

Protein Hormone

long chains of linked amino acids that act as messengers

Oxygenated Blood Flows Through The _Vein

Pulmonary

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

Osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells

Osteocytes

mature bone cells

Osteon

bone

Long Bones

longer than they are wide

Short Bones

cube shaped bones of the wrist and ankle

Flat Bones

thin, broad, and often curved. for protection

Irregular Bones

vertebrae,sacrum, facial bones

Axial Skeleton

the central core of the body (80 bones)

Skull

cranium

Hyoid Bone

a U-shaped bone in the neck that supports the tongue.

Auditory Ossicles

malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), stapes (stirrup) located in middle ear

Rib Cage

protects the heart and lungs

Vertebral Column

the flexible bony structure that houses the spinal cord and consists of a series of bones called vertebrae

Appendicular Skeleton

126 bones that form the upper limbs, lower limbs, and the girdles connecting them to the rest of the body

Pectoral Girdles

clavicle(collarbone) and scapula(shoulder blade)

Upper Limbs

arms

Pelvic Girdle

two hip bones and sacrum

Lower Limbs

legs

Renal Cortex

outer region of the kidney

Renal Medulla

inner portion of the kidney

Renal Artery

carries blood to the kidney

Renal Vein

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

Excretion/Urine Production

urine is excreted from the body

Homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Capsule

A sticky layer that surrounds the cell walls of some bacteria, protecting the cell surface and sometimes helping to glue the cell to surfaces.

Ureter

A duct leading from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Cortical Blood Vessels

supply and drain outer layers of organs

Interlobar Blood Vessels

vessels that extend from the arcuate artery into the renal cortex

Renal Nerve

network of nerve fibers connecting kidneys to the brain, controlling blood pressure, fluid balance, and kidney filtration

Kidneys

filter blood and produce urine

Ureters

The tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Bladder

stores urine

Prostate

a gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in male mammals and releasing prostatic fluid.

Urethra

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Mouth And Mouth Cavity

first part of digestive tract