Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell that has a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A cell that lacks a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Give an example of a eukaryotic organism.

Humans, plants, and animals.

Give an example of a prokaryotic organism.

Bacteria and archaea.

What is the size difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller (0.1-5.0 µm) than eukaryotic cells (10-100 µm).

What structure defines the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

A double membrane known as the nuclear envelope.

Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?

No, prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

What is the genetic material in prokaryotic cells?

Circular DNA known as plasmids.

What is the genetic material in eukaryotic cells?

Linear DNA organized into chromatin.

Which type of cell has ribosomes?

Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have ribosomes.

How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?

Primarily through binary fission.

How do eukaryotic cells reproduce?

Through mitosis or meiosis.

What type of cytoskeleton do eukaryotic cells have?

Complex cytoskeletal structures including microtubules and microfilaments.

Do prokaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton?

They have a simpler and less organized cytoskeleton.

What are organelles?

Specialized structures within a cell that perform specific functions.

Which type of cells have organelles?

Eukaryotic cells possess membrane-bound organelles.

What is the cell wall made of in plant eukaryotic cells?

Cellulose.

What is the cell wall made of in prokaryotic cells?

Peptidoglycan.

What process occurs in the mitochondria?

Cellular respiration.

What process occurs in chloroplasts?

Photosynthesis.

Do prokaryotic cells have mitochondria?

No, prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria.

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

It regulates the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell.

Which type of cells have larger ribosomes?

Eukaryotic cells have larger (80S) ribosomes compared to prokaryotic cells (70S).

What is a distinguishing feature of archaea?

They often thrive in extreme environments.

Do eukaryotic cells undergo transcription in the nucleus?

Yes, they transcribe RNA in the nucleus.

Do prokaryotic cells use operons?

Yes, they utilize operons for the regulation of gene expression.

How is the DNA structured in eukaryotic cells?

It is organized into chromosomes.

What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

It synthesizes proteins and lipids.

Can prokaryotic cells perform photosynthesis?

Yes, some prokaryotic cells, like cyanobacteria, can perform photosynthesis.

How can eukaryotic cells show specialization?

Through differentiation into various cell types performing specific functions.

What is an example of cell specialization in eukaryotes?

Nerve cells transmitting signals or muscle cells contracting.

Which types of organisms are primarily unicellular?

Most prokaryotic organisms are unicellular.

What is a common characteristic of eukaryotic cell division?

It involves more complex stages than prokaryotic cell division, like the formation of a spindle apparatus.