ID: SHAEER PACKET (PART 5&6: ANTIMICROBIAL PKPD+COMMON TERMS)

Define bactericidal

Antibiotics kill susceptible bacteria and do not require the aid of host defenses

Define bacteriostatic

Antibiotics inhibit susceptible bacteria replication without killing the organism and require the aid of host defenses to clear tissues of the infecting microorganism

Bactericidal antibiotics? (eleven)

1. Aminoglycosides

2. Carbapenems

3. Cephalosporins

4. Monobactams

5. Penicillins

6. Daptomycin

7. Fluoroquinolones

8. Metronidazole

9. Polymyxin E

10. Vancomycin

11. Oritavancin

Bacteriostatic antibiotics? (eight)

1. Chloramphenicol

2. Clindamycin

3. Glycyclines

4. Linezolid

5. Macrolides

6. Nitrofurantoin

7. Sulfonamides

8. Tetracyclines

Describe concentration-dependent killing

Administration of larger doses, with decreased frequency

Antibiotics which are concentration-dependent killers? (four)

1. Aminoglycosides

2. Daptomycin

3. Fluoroquinolones

4. Metronidazole

Describe time-dependent killing

Killing of microbes occurs at low multiples of the MIC (4-5x MIC)

Describe the post antibiotic effect (PAE)

Persistent suppression of bacterial growth after brief antibiotic exposure despite concentration < MIC

Permits less frequent administration of antimicrobials

T/F: Longer PAE seen with drugs that inhibit bacterial DNA and protein synthesis against GN pathogens.

True

T/F: B-lactams exhibit minimal or no PAE (with the exception against GP organisms like Staph. spp.) and carbapenems with activity against P. aeruginosa.

True but read that please i really don't know how to quizlet this stuff

Describe "empiric" antimicrobial use

Initiation of drugs (often broad spectrum) prior to identification of causative organism(s)

Describe "directed" antimicrobial use

Drugs targeting causative organism(s) upon culture results

Describe "prophylactic" antimicrobial use

Administration of drugs to prevent or reduce risk of infection

Describe "de-escalation" in antimicrobial use

Process of streamlining antimicrobial therapy from broad spectrum to narrow spectrum based on the patient's culture results

Describe "antimicrobial stewardship"

Effort to measure and improve how antibiotics are prescribed by clinicians and used by patients

5 Ds of antimicrobial stewardship?

Right...

1. Diagnosis

2. Drug

3. Dose

4. Duration

5. Deescalation