Fluid Compartments

2 fluid compartments

Intracellular (ICF) and extracellular (ECF)

ECF categories

Plasma, Interstitial, and Transcellular

Oncotic Pressure (π)

Pulling pressure driven by solutes (proteins, salts, sugars)

Moves water from low to high

Ways to change oncotic pressure

Increase/decrease solutes

Dilute with water

Hydrostatic Pressure (P)

Pushing pressure driven by heart and BP

Moves water from high to low

Water moving into plasma causes and presentations

Causes: π plasma > π ISF

Increase blood sugar, plasma proteins, and salt

Decrease water (dehydration)

Presentations:

HTN

Water moving into ISF causes and presentations

Causes: π ISF > π plasma

Decrease blood sugar, proteins, and salt

Increase water

Presentations:

Edema

Water moving into cells cause, pathogenesis, and presentation (hydropic change)

Cause + pathogenesis: π ICF > π ISF

1.) Decrease blood flow/O₂ + glucose

2.) ATP synthesis decreases

3.) Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase activity decreases

4.) Na⁺ concentration of cell increases

5.) Increase π ICF

6.) Water driven into cell

Presentation: Ischemia