Decolonization

Flashcards for vocabulary review based on lecture notes.

Desertification

Changes in climate leading to frequent droughts, turning land into desert.

Deforestation

The clearing of areas by removing trees, impacting oxygen levels.

Overpopulation

Rapid increase in the world's population, potentially leading to shortages.

Water Pollution

Pollution of water sources due to dumping sewage into oceans.

Air Pollution

Pollution of the air, leading to acid rain and thinning of ozone layer.

Solid Waste

Millions of tons of garbage dumped into landfills and surrounding waters.

Taliban

Extreme Islamic government that sheltered al-Qaeda.

ISIS

Radical Sunni Muslim group seeking a pure Islamic state, known for global terrorism.

Sunnis

Belief that leadership should be a community member able to follow Mohammed's footsteps.

Shia

Belief that leadership should be a member of Mohammed's family.

Apartheid

Policy of racial segregation and discrimination against black South Africans.

Nelson Mandela

South Africa's first black president, negotiated a constitution and instituted multiracial elections.

Islamic Fundamentalism

A belief that Muslims should strictly follow Islamic law and resist Western influences.

Terrorism

Use of violence against civilians for political purposes.

Common Market

Created a large free-trade zone among members in 1957.

European Union

Replaced Common Market; members merged national currencies to the Euro.

Brexit

Great Britain's vote to leave the European Union in 2016.

Free Market Change, China

Economic and political reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping in China.

Tiananmen Square (1989)

Students protested corruption; demonstration was brutally crushed.

Communists in China

Led by Mao Zedong, they drove Nationalist forces from China to Taiwan.

Great Leap Forward

Failed attempt to industrialize China.

Cultural Revolution

Mao's attempt to reinvigorate Communism; used Red Guards.

Korean War (1950-1953)

Conflict where Communist North Korea invaded South Korea.

Mohandas Gandhi

Father of non-violent resistance; led India to independence.

Salt March

Led by Gandhi to protest British tax on salt.

Cottage Industries

Urged return to homemade goods to raise living standards.

Israel

Created as a Jewish nation in Palestine in 1948.

Camp David Accords (1978)

Peace treaty with Egypt; Israel gave Sinai back to Egypt.

Oslo Accords (1993)

Israel agreed to a governing Palestinian Authority in West Bank.