Piaget Ed Psych
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66 Terms
2 key contributions of Piaget
We construct/build and organize knowledge based on experience.
Our thinking changes qualitatively from infancy to adulthood.
how do we organize knowledge?
schemas
what are schemas?
mental representations, mental closets, patterns, category, meaning
what is our preferred state of thinking?
we want things to make sense, equilibrium
are we developing or have developed schemes, how do we reorganize and adapt them as we learn new things?
ignore it, assimilation, accommodation
what is assimilation?
keeping the schema the same
what is accommodation?
overhauling thinking and reorganizing
what are Piaget’s four factors of development?
biological maturation
activity
social experiences
equilibrium
what do qualitative theorists believe?
thinking changes in quality, we think differently over time, stages
what do quantitative theorists believe?
we learn more, not differently, we build on what we know
what ages are in the sensorimotor stage?
ages birth-2
what do kids learn through in the sensorimotor stage?
their senses and motor skills
what are kids in the sensorimotor stage developing?
their mental world
three big developments/factors of sensorimotor stage?
safety, trust, belonging
what kind of emotions are learned in the sensorimotor stage?
early emotions
what kind of emotions do kids in the sensorimotor stage learn from?
exaggerated emotions
how many exaggerated emotions do kids need a day and should be exposed to?
20-30 hours, exposure to 300
what is attunement?
making faces, word repeats, matching gestures, etc
what is created in the sensorimotor stage?
associations
what are the two main concepts developed in the sensorimotor stage?
goal oriented action and object permanence
how do kids begin to develop language?
by imitating others
what ages are the kids in the pre operational stage?
ages 2-7
what do kids develop in the pre operational stage?
language skills, symbolic play, manipulating symbols
what can kids not perform in the preoperational stage?
mental operations
where are kids at morally in the pre operational stage?
kids look at consequences to determine if something is right or wrong
what is centration?
the tendency of young children to focus on one aspect of a situation while ignoring others, leading to a limited understanding of the whole.
what is irreversibility?
the inability of young children to mentally reverse a sequence of events or operations, making it difficult for them to understand that actions can be undone or reversed.
what is animism?
the belief that inanimate objects have feelings, thoughts, and intentions, often seen in young children's understanding of the world.
what is artificializing?
the belief that natural phenomena and objects are created or influenced by human actions or intentions, common in young children's reasoning about the world.
what is symbolic/semiotic?
the use of symbols or signs to represent ideas or concepts in communication and thought, a vital aspect of cognitive development according to Piaget.
what is egocentrism?
a cognitive developmental stage in which a child cannot differentiate between their own perspective and that of others, leading to a focus on their own viewpoint.
what helps kids learn in the preoperational stage?
experience with the physical world and interaction with others
until what age are kids very egocentric?
ages 4-5
what are the effects of egocentrism?
kids cannot see from other’s perspectives
builds and impedes empathy
what is the three mountain task?
A psychological task developed by Jean Piaget to assess children's ability to understand perspectives different from their own, where children view a model of three mountains and must identify what a doll placed at various positions can see.
what is the snoopy and the crayons test?
A cognitive task designed by Jean Piaget to evaluate children's understanding of perspective by using a model of a room with a hidden Snoopy toy, where children must identify what Snoopy can see based on their own viewpoint.
how do kids mental activity work in the pre operational stage?
it starts and stops, they do not recognize that their own beliefs can be wrong
what is the theory of mind?
The ability to understand that others have thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives different from one's own, developing gradually during early childhood.
what kids do not have theory of mind?
those with autism
what is the lack of conservation?
The inability to understand that certain properties of objects, such as volume or mass, remain the same despite changes in their form or appearance.
what is the conservation of length?
The understanding that the length of an object remains the same even if it is stretched or compressed.
what is the conservation of number?
The understanding that the quantity of a set remains the same regardless of how the items are arranged or grouped.
what is the conservation of volume?
The understanding that the volume of a substance remains unchanged when its shape or form is altered.
what are the ages of kids in the concrete operational stage?
ages 7-11
what are kids able to do in the concrete operational stage?
abstract reasoning and being more creative, primitive reasoning, can perform operations, can categorize, can understand causality, can understand space and time
where are kids at morally in the concrete operational stage?
kids start to look at the intent behind a consequenceand begin to understand concepts of justice and fairness.
what are kids developing more of in the concrete operational stage?
primitive reasoning, can perform operations, can categorize, can understand causality, can understand space and time
what is seriation?
The ability to arrange objects in a logical order, such as by size, shape, or color.
what is class inclusion?
understanding the relationship between a whole and its parts.
what is transitive interference?
The ability to understand the relationships between different objects, such that if A is larger than B and B is larger than C, then A is larger than C.
what is inductive reasoning?
the process of deriving general principles from specific observations or instances.It involves observing patterns and making generalizations based on the evidence presented.
what is deductive reasoning?
The process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion. It involves applying general principles to specific cases.
what does the pre conventional theory of moral development include?
morality is not internalized, punishment-obedience, market exchange
what does the conventional theory of moral development include?
interpersonal harmony, law and order, some morality internalized
what does the post conventional theory of moral development include?
most morality internalized, rules are agreed upon principles
moral reasoning does not equal what?
moral behavior
what is morality related to and what is it heavily affected by?
it is related to content and heavily affected by religion
what ages are kids in the formal operational stage?
ages 11 and beyond
what is the main development of the formal operational stage?
abstract thinking
what kind of reasoning is developed in the formal operational stage?
hypothetical deductive reasoning
what are some applications for abstract thinking?
provide concrete experiences
help students link
use social interaction
design learning experiences
what kind of differences have a high impact according to Piaget?
individual differences
what needed more emphasis in Piaget’s studies?
language and environment
what values impacted cognitive processes?
content and culture values
what was a huge focus of Piaget’s studies?
cognitive abilities
what is less rigid about Piaget’s studies?
the time lines he proposed