Control and Regulation - Biology (Year 9)

The entire topic including Homeostasis.

Homeostasis

Adrenal Glands (Adrenaline)

Axon

Axon Terminal

Brain stem

Cell body

Central Nervous Centre (CNS)

Connecting/Inter/Relay neuron

Dendrites

Effectors

Endocrine Glands

Glucagon

Glucose

Glycogen

Hormones

A checmical substance that acts as a messenger in the body. Hormones are transported around the body via the blood stream ad act on target cells.

Hypothalamus

Insulin

Liver

Motor Neurons

Myelin Sheath

Negative Feedback (Loop)

Nerve Impulse

Nerve cell

Neurotransmitter

Pancreas

Peripheral Nervous System

Positive Feedback (Loop)

Receptors

A receptor detects a stimulus.

Reflex action

A reflex action is an extra-rapid response to a stimulus: the process involes the nervous system but bypasses the brain.

1. receptor detects a stimulus (change in environment)

2. sensory neuron is activated

3. signal is sent to connecting neuron in CNS (spinal cord)

4. motor neurons are activated and sends a signal to effector

5. effector produces a response

Reflex arc

Response

Sensory neurons

Spinal Cord

Stimulus

Synapse

Target cells

Vasoconstriction

Vasodilation

Piloerection

Sweating

Shivering

Temperature Regulation

• Negative Feedback Loop

Blood Glucose Regulation

• Negative Feedback Loop

Control Centre

Physiological Regulation

Behavioural Regulation

Target Cell

Fight or Flight

Node of Ranvier

Nucleus

Synapse

Neurotransmitter

Vesicles

Endocrine system