Unit 3 and Unit 4 Review: Empires, Trade Networks, and European History

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to the rise and fall of empires, major historical figures, cultural impacts, trade networks, and religious movements in European history.

What are the major factors contributing to the rise of the Mongols, Safavids, and Mughal Empires?

Factors include military tactics, technological innovations, and effective governance.

What is Pax Mongolica?

A period of peace and stability created by the Mongol Empire that promoted trade along the Silk Road.

What were the impacts of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires?

These empires influenced culture, trade, and political structures in their regions and beyond.

What were the Bantu migrations?

The migrations of Bantu-speaking peoples that spread their languages and cultures across Africa.

What were the key goods traded in the Indian Ocean Exchange Network?

Goods included spices, textiles, and precious metals, significantly impacting trade.

How did feudalism organize medieval European society?

Feudalism established a hierarchy of lords, vassals, and serfs, structuring social and economic relations.

What were the main motivations for the Christian Crusades?

Motivations included religious zeal, the desire for wealth, and the quest for land.

What were the short-term impacts of the Black Plague?

Short-term impacts included significant population decline and disruption of social order.

What is Humanism?

An intellectual movement during the Renaissance that emphasized the value of human potential and achievements.

What was the Protestant Reformation?

A religious movement that challenged the practices of the Catholic Church, leading to the formation of new Christian denominations.

What was the significance of the English Reformation?

A political and religious movement resulting in the Church of England's separation from the Catholic Church.

What was the role of the Jesuits during the Counter Reformation?

Jesuits served to spread Catholic teachings and counteract Protestantism, often engaging in missionary work.

How did the fall of empires typically occur?

Empires often fell due to internal strife, economic difficulties, external invasions, and loss of central authority.

Compare and contrast Ancient Egypt and Ancient Mesopotamia.

Both were early civilizations with complex societies, but they differed in geography, governance, and religious practices.

What is the relationship between Hinduism and Buddhism?

Both religions originated in India, share some beliefs and concepts, but differ mainly in their teachings and practices.