Pharmacology Exam

inhalation

respiration tract

interdermal

hypodermic needle, rapid response

intramuscular

major muscle

intranasal

nasal tract; head colds, allergies 

intraspinal

fight organism in spinal tract

intervaginal 

absorbed through vaginal mucosal lining 

intravenous

vein - most rapid and systemic

oral

most common - tablet, powder, liquid

rectal

difficult to regulate, absorb through mucosal lining

sublingual

under tongue, absorb slowly through mucosal lining

internal administrations

inhalation, intradermal, intramuscular, intranasal, intraspinal, intravaginal, intravenous, oral, rectal, sublingual

external administration

Inunction, ointment, paste, plaster, transdermal, solution, drug vehicle

inunction

oily or medicated substance rubbed into skin 

ointement

oil or petroleum jelly with medication applied for long lasting

paste

ointment with non-fate base, applied via cloth

plaster

thicker ointments, contain irritants and increase circulation and decrease inflammation 

transdermal

patches resembling bandage with slow absorption rate across skin

solutions

externally applied vary

drug vehicle 

the substance in which a drug is transported 

aqueous solution

medicine dissolved in water

elixir

sweet, flavored liquid with alcohol

Liniment

liquid rubbed on the skin for pain relief

spirit

alcohol based solution with other substances

suspension

solid particles mixed in a liquid

syrup

sweet, thick liquid with medicine

ampule

small sealed container for a single action dose

capsules

medicine in a shell

ointment (emollient)

greasy mixture that soothes and protects skin

paste

thick ointment with high amounts of powder

tablet

compressed powder medicine

plaster

solid/semisolid sheet applied for slow drug release

powder

fine and dry form of medicine

suppository 

solid form put in your butt, vag, or urethra to give meds

efficacy

a drug’s capability of producing a specific therapeutic effect

potency

the dose of a drug required to produce a desired therapeutic effect

metabolism 

changing a drug so it can be metabolized 

tolerance

condition existing when a certain drug dosage is no longer able to give a therapeutic action and must therefore be increased

side effect

the result of a medication that is given for a particular condition but affects other body areas or has effects other than those sought

synergistic effect

result that occurs when drugs given together produce a greater reaction than when given alone a

addition

body response to certain types of drugs that both produces both a physiological and/or psychological need/craving for that substance

interaction

reaction of the drug or something else with that drug that yields the undesired effects

FDA

food and drug administration 

in vitro

studied in animals

in vivo

studied in the human bodies

dispense 

multiple dose of a medicine 

administer

one dose

what can secondary schools never administer

medicines

analgesic 

pain reliever

anesthetics

numbing

antacids

stops heartburn and calm stomach acid

anticoagulants

precent blood clots

antidotes

counteracts poison and overdose

anti inflammatory

reduce inflammation

antipruritic 

relieve itching

Antiseptics

stop germ growth on skin/tissue

Antispasmodics

relieve muscle spasms

Antitussives

Agents that inhibit or prevent coughing

Astringents

Agents that cause contraction or puckering action

Bacteriostatic and fungalistatic

Agents that retard or inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi

Carminatives

Agent that relieves flatulence (caused by gas) in the intestinal tract

Cathartics

Agents used to evacuate substances from the bowels; active purgatives

Caustics

Buring agents, capable of destroying living tissue

Counterirritants

Agents applied locally to produce an inflammatory reaction for the relief of a deeper inflammation

Depressants

Agents that diminish body functions or nerve activity

Disinfectants

Agents that kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms; should be applied only to nonliving things

Diuretics

Agents that increase the excretion of urine

Emetics

Agents that cause vomiting

Expectorants

Agents that suppress coughing

Hemostatic

Substances that either slow down or stop bleeding or hemorrhage

Irritants

Agents that cause irritation

Narcotics

Drugs that produce analgesic and hypnotic effect

Sedatives

Agents that relieve anxiety

Skeletal muscles relaxants

Drugs that suppress neural activity within skeletal muscles

Stimulants

Agents that excite the central nervous system

Vasoconstrictors and vasodilators

Drugs that respectively constrict or dilate blood vessels

pharmacology

the study of drugs and their effect on living organisms

drug

any chemical agent that affects living matterO

OTC

over the counter

OTC vs. Rx

• Difference in % of active ingredient in medication

  • Higher Rx, lower is OTC

Pharmkinetics

the method by which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated

metabolytes

exudates from drugs, what they test for in drug tests 

drug vehicle

inactive ingredients in drug, how it is delivered to body

NSAID

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

drug abuse

stimulants, recreational, laxatives

blood doping 

taking out blood, swirling and injecting with increased O₂ levels 

NCAA drug testing

first time positive, 365-day suspension, second time positive, permanent ban from NCAA competition