Chapter 1, Part 1

Beringia

The land bridge that connected Asia and North America, allowing the migration of peoples.

Nomads

People who move from place to place, often following food sources and not settling in one location.

Sedentary

Societies that stay in one place and engage in farming, unlike nomadic societies.

Inuit

Indigenous peoples of the Arctic regions of Canada, known for their unique culture and adaptations.

Algonquian

A group of First Nations tribes primarily found in Central and Southern Quebec, who were nomadic hunters and fishers.

Iroquois

Sedentary agricultural tribes located along the St. Lawrence River, known for their matriarchal societies.

Patriarchy

A social system where men hold primary power and are the leaders in families and societies.

Matriarchy

A social system in which females, especially mothers, have the central roles in families and societies.

The Three Sisters

A term used for the three main crops grown by Iroquois: corn, beans, and squash.

Wigwams

Traditional dome-shaped dwellings used by Algonquians.

Igloob

A dome-shaped hut made from blocks of compressed snow, used by Inuit.

Clovis Culture

An archaeological culture of North America, known for its distinctive stone tools from approximately 15,000 years ago.

Thule Culture

A group associated with the ancestors of the modern Inuit, known for their movement across the North in marked periods.

Tuniit

The Dorset Culture people who inhabited parts of the Arctic prior to the Inuit.

Paleoindian period

The time period marked by the first known occupation of North America, typically before 10,000 years ago.

Land Bridge Theory

The theory that suggests early humans migrated from Asia to North America over a land bridge during the Ice Age.

Occupants of Canada

Refers to the various groups of Indigenous peoples who were the first inhabitants of what is now Canada.

Nomadic Societies

Societies characterized by their mobility, as individuals move to find food and resources.

Occupational Periods

Different phases in the history of Indigenous peoples in Canada, marked by distinct cultural and technological developments.

Nomadic vs. Sedentary

The contrast between societies that move frequently for resources versus those that establish permanent homes and engage in farming.

Linguistic Diversity

The variety of languages and dialects spoken among the First Nations tribes in Canada.