PC2 MOD 4.1.4

HIV virus structure

HIV capsid- contains HIV RNA

HIV envelope- outer surface of HIV

HIV enzymes- proteins that carry out steps in the HIV life cycle

HIV glycoprotein- protein spikes embedded in HIV envelope

HIV RNA- HIVs genetic material

HIV pathogenesis

transmitted by blood and bodily fluids

• most common route is sexual contact

targets CD4 cells

seeds in lymphoid organs

HIV OI

MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM COMPLEX

PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII

TOXOPLASMOSIS OF BRAIN

dx of HIV

HIV 1/2 antigen/antibody immunoassay

• tests for HIV1 & HIV2 antibodies (established infection) and acute infection

HIV 1/2 antibody differentiation immunoassay

• establishes between HIV1/2

HIV1 NAT

• confirms HIV1

LAB MARKERS FOR HIV

CD4 T cell count

HIV RNA (viral load)

resistance of HIV

LOW- single mutation causes high lvl resistance

HIGH- multiple mutations needed to significantly reduce susceptibility to the drug

resistance testing

genotype- tests how the structure of a sample of your HIV may have changed

phenotype- tests to see whether HIV drugs still work to control your type of HIV

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inh

competitive inh of reverse transcriptase enzyme

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inh

non-competitive inh of reverse transcriptase enzyme

protease inh

inh protease enzymes that code for diff proteins & enzymes that virus needs

integrase strand transfer inh

inh viral DNA from bring incorporated into host DNA