Bio chap 1 section 3

muscle system

muslces make up the bulk of the body and account for about ….. of its weight

1/3

muscles ability to contract and relax enables the body?

to move and push substances throughout the body such as blood and food

muscle is an organ trhat can contracted in a coordinated fashion and includes?

muscle tissue connective tissue blood vessels and nerves

We have the diffrence in skeletal muscle smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Their location?

Function?

linked with skeletons, forms the walls of the stomach intestines uterus and bladder blood vessels and other internal organs, makes up the walls of the heart

responsible for moving parts of the body sface trunks limbs, moves substances e.x food through ur digesive system, pumps blood through your body

shape?

Nucleus?

made out of elongated cells called muscle fibers , muscle fibers as are spindle shapes, muscle fibers are short

Multi, single,single

straited?

Work?

they have dark and light stripes called striations, alcks straiaitions, straited

Voluntary, invoiluntary, involuntary

sheets?

Tendon?

do not interlace to form sheets, interlace to form shets, do not inetrlace to form sheets

Skeletal and connective tissue combine to form tendons

Does not unite, does not unite to form tendons

Fully pinkj skeletal, random smooth , large connective tissues is cardiac

As skeletal msucle smooth and cardiac have connective tissues but their connective tissues do not?

unite to form tendons as in skeletal muscles

A skeletal muscle fiber is a single?

multinucleated elongated straited cell

muslce fibers are grouped into dense bundles called? a group of them are bounded together by …… ….. to form a muscle

fascicles , connective tissue

al though muslle fibers make up most of the muscle tissue it also has large amount of ?

connective tissue and blood vessels and nerves are also present

a skeletal muscle fiber contains bundles of …… structures called …….

threadlike myofibrils

each myofibril is made up of two types of muscle filaments

actin and myosin

Skeletal muscles consists of densely packed groups of elongated cells called? they are held together by? muslce fibers consisst of protein filaments called? two types of filaments in muscle fibers? (Meh)

fascicles, connective tissue , myofibrils, actin and myosin

the complementary structures of ….. and ….. interact to contract and relax muscles

myosin and actin

why does connective tissue cover skeletal muscle fibers?

muscle cells are soft and easy to injure, and so connective tissue covber and supports and reinforces the muscle as a whole

the health of muscle depends on?

sufficient nerve and blood supply

how can we control the activity of skeletal muscles?

each muscle has a nerve ending through which we can control the muscle from

why does muscle cells require a continues suopply of oxygen and nutrients? And its must be supplied by?

Muscles produce large amount of …… …. That must be removed through ……

because active muscles use alot of energy ther for require continues oxygen and nutrients which are supplied by arteries,

metabolic waste, veins

sarcomere def? It consists of?

the region from one z line to the next z line is called sarcomere, myosin filaments actin filaments and z line

actin and myosin structures?

actin has thin filaments while myosin has thick filaments

Actin filaments are like a twisted strand of beeds while myosin filaments have extension shaped like oval heasd

Actin filaments are anchored at their endpoints tio a structure called z line myosin are not anchored to z line

myosin and actin are both made from? they both work important role in the?

protiens , contraction and relaxation of muscle cells

why do skeletal muscle and cardiac cells apear striated? Does smooth muscles also have actin and myosin?

(The iverlapping pattren it self is sarcomere)

cuz actin and myosin are arranged in an overlapping pattren

Yes it does aswell but they arent arranged in a overlapping pattren

what is the functional unit of muscle contraction?

its the sarcomere

When muscle cells contract myosin and actin interact to shorten the ……

sarcomere

how do muscle cells contract?

nerve cells send an impusple to stimulate muscle to contract

Myosin filaents head attach toi points between the beeds of the actin filemantes and then the myosin bend inward pulling the actin with them

Then the myosin heads let go bend back to their original position attach toi points between a new point on the actin filameta nd pull again

This action shortens the sarcomere

3 sarcomere consists fo how many z lines? how about 100 z lines have how many sarcomeres?

4, 99

in a relaxed msucle actin and myosin ….. but when msucel contraction ovurs those filaments slide past one another and ….. increases

overlap, overlap

Muscle contraction needs energy which is supplied by … but why does it need atp? what happens when it doesnt get its atp while contracted?

atp, to detahc th emyosin hands during contraction when leting go and when relaxing , muscle cramps cuz we cant open it up

Law of all or none

Muscle contraction is an all or noen respone either contract or remain relaxed but rather the amoubnt of muscle fibers that contracted is what determiens the strength

Muscles are connected to the outer membrane of the bone the …… either directly or indirectly by a tough fiborous cords of connective tissuec alled …..

periosteum, tenodon

Generally skeleta muscles are attached to?

one end of a bone and strecth accros a join and are connected to a point on another bone

Diffrence between tendon and ligament?

tendon connects muscle s to bones, while ligaments are connective tissues that hold the bones of the joint in place to connect a bone to another bone

we have origin points and insertion pointd what are they?

origin is the point at which a muscle is connected to a stationary bone such as the scapula, the pount at which a msucle is connected to a moving bone such as the radius

A tendon is a tough fiborous cords of connective tissue

While ligaments is a tough connective tissue band that holds the bones in their place in joints

Most muscles are arranged iin?

opposing pairs

bicep muscle is known as a ….. its the type that …. A joint and a tricep is known as ….. its a type that ….. a joint

flexor, bends , extensor, straingtens

Muscles move bones by …… on them

pulling

the origin and insertion of the biceps are connected to what?

scapula and radius

the origin and insertion points of triceps are connceted to what?

ulna and scapula

muscle fatigue sources of energy how r they used?

first glucose then glycogen then fat molecules

…… stores glycogen and its used when the …. Cant delevie rnough amount of glucose , during prolonged vigorous exertion fat molecules are uilized for energy

muscel cells, blood

Which one out of al three of the other types has the most concenteration of potential energy?

fat molecules

when energy avalibility fails to keep pace with its use ….. ….. sets in and controled muscel activity ……. Even though the muscle may recieve …… stimulation to ….

msucle fatigue ceases , nerve move

the difrence between muscel fatigue and msucel cramps?

botha re caused by atp but muscle fatigue is teh slow depletion and the contraction get sweaker and weaker but cramps due to too much damage the muscle contracts wayyy too forcefully

muscle fatigue def?

is the psychological inability of a muscle to contract

muscle fatigue is a result of … depletion

atp

when does cramp happen then( a state of continues contraction ocure when we have no …. Left)

when we have run out of atp

….. …. Is a condition in which all of teh body muscles become rigid shortly after a person dies why does thi shappen?

rigor mortis , the body stops making atp which is needed to disngage myosin and actin to relax the muscle

We use atp in two parts which were?

let go

And relaxation

Oxygen is used during …. …. In the synthesis of atp

cellular respiration

large amounts of oxygen are needed to maintin the?

rate of maximum atop production required to sustain strenous exercise

how ever after several minutes of heavy exertion the …. System and the ….. system are not able to keep up with the demands of energy production

repiratory and circulatory

therfore oxygen levels in the body become …… this temporary lacm of oxygen is called ……

depleted, oxygen debt

what are the effects iof oxygen debt?

1 accumelation of …… ….. as …… ….. in the …… …..

2 the presence of lactic acid prodsuces the ….. you may experience after rpolonged exercises

3oxygen debt also causes a person to spend time in ?

lactic acid metaboplic waste muscle fibers

soreness

Rapid deep breathing

Sar comere is an overlapping patren so skeletal and cardiac have sarcomeres but smooth doesnt it just has actin and myosin