Introduction to anatomy and physiology

Sagittal

divides the body. Right to the left

Coronal or Frontal

divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Transverse

Divides body into upper and lower parts

What structure divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

Diaphragm

What is the space/cavity located within the thoracic cavity and between the lungs that contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and great vessels

Mediastinum

Anterior

front of the body (ventral)

Posterior

behind the body

Ventral

front side of the body/belly

dorsal

pertaining to the back

superior

Higher on the body, nearer to the head

inferior

Lower on the body, farther from the head

central mediastinum contains

Heart

peripheral

outside of center

deep

Away from the body surface; more internal

cephalic (cranial)

head

caudal

pertaining to the tail

distal

farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

medial

Toward the midline of the body

When elements come together they form

molecule

When the molecules come together they form

when two or more cells come together they form

tissue

4 tissue types in the body

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous Tissue

When two or more tissues come together they form

organ

when two or more organs come together they form

organ system

When all parts are functioning together it is called an

organism

The cell is surrounded by a medium known as

extracellular fluid or interstitial fluid.

Endocrine

Release secretions directly into the blood/ ducts less. Inside of the body

What body systems have organs that are all lined with mucous membranes

Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive

Visceral

Closest to the organ

parietal

it covers the cavities

Cardiac

pertaining to the heart

Define Homeostasis

maintenance of a stable internal environment

Negative feedback loop

A feedback loop that causes a system to change in the opposite direction from which it is moving

Positive feedback loop

feedback loop that causes a system to change further in the same direction

Reproduction

Formation of new cells for replacement or regeneration of old/ injured cells/ formation of a new person

Why is excretion necessary for homeostasis

To removing waste of digestion and metabolism

Integumentary

pertaining to the covering of the body

Blood

Carry oxygen and nutrients

Respiration

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between external environment and cells/cellular respiration

Digestion

The talking in of useful substances ,breaking them down useful substances include; carbohydrates, protein,fats,vitamins,minerals,water.

Cardiovascular

Pumps blood to the tissue

Respiratory

gas exchange

Define anatomical position?

1. Standing upright

2. Facing forward

3. Arms down by your side

4. Palms facing forward

Extracellular fluid

Fluid outside of the cell

The function of the nervous tissue is

neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands); supporting cells support and protect neurons

abdominal pelvic cavity membrane

parietal peritoneum

visceral pleural membrane

covers the lungs

peritoneal cavity

abdominal cavity

axial region

Head, neck, and trunk

Forms the main vertical axis of the body

negative feedback example

body temperature regulation

positive feedback example

childbirth and blood clotting