Herpetology Practical 2 - Families & Orders

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16 Terms

1
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Scolecophidia

Blind snakes

Very wormlike

Fossorial/burrowing

<p>Blind snakes</p><p>Very wormlike</p><p>Fossorial/burrowing</p>
2
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Henophidia

Boas, pythons, and relatives

Vestigial pelvic girdle with spurs used in mating

Kills with constriction

Has largest extant snake

Pythons oviparous

Boas viviparous

<p>Boas, pythons, and relatives</p><p>Vestigial pelvic girdle with spurs used in mating</p><p>Kills with constriction</p><p>Has largest extant snake</p><p>Pythons oviparous</p><p>Boas viviparous</p>
3
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Viperidae

Vipers

Contains rattlesnakes

Viviparous

Long fangs to inject venom

Heat sensing pit organs

<p>Vipers</p><p>Contains rattlesnakes</p><p>Viviparous</p><p>Long fangs to inject venom</p><p>Heat sensing pit organs</p>
4
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Elapidae

Distributed across tropics

Neurotoxic venom

Permanently erect fangs at front of mouth

Cobras, coral snakes, mambas, and sea snakes

<p>Distributed across tropics</p><p>Neurotoxic venom</p><p>Permanently erect fangs at front of mouth</p><p>Cobras, coral snakes, mambas, and sea snakes</p>
5
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Colubridae

Largest family of snakes

Most diverse group of snakes in AZ

Includes many unique dietary specialists

<p>Largest family of snakes</p><p>Most diverse group of snakes in AZ</p><p>Includes many unique dietary specialists</p>
6
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Crocodylidae

Crocodiles and Dwarf crocodiles

Saltwater crocodiles

Largest extant reptile

Dwarf crocodiles live in rainforest streams in Africa

V shaped snout

Temperature dependent sex

<p>Crocodiles and Dwarf crocodiles</p><p>Saltwater crocodiles</p><p>Largest extant reptile</p><p>Dwarf crocodiles live in rainforest streams in Africa</p><p>V shaped snout</p><p>Temperature dependent sex</p>
7
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Alligatoridae

Alligators and caimans

Temperature dependent sex

U shaped snout, shorter and blunt

2 species, in south US and china

<p>Alligators and caimans</p><p>Temperature dependent sex</p><p>U shaped snout, shorter and blunt</p><p>2 species, in south US and china</p>
8
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Gavialidae

Gharial and false gharial

Temperature dependent sex

2 species in Asia

<p>Gharial and false gharial</p><p>Temperature dependent sex</p><p>2 species in Asia</p>
9
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Chelonia

Turtles

greatest diversity in southeast US and southeast Asia

Fossil turtles appear in fossil record 210 mybp

3-15 years to mature

Carapace (dorsal/on back) and Plastron (ventral/on front)

Shell comprised of bony plates

Different foot morphology for habitat

Fertilized eggs undergo diapause (arrested development) if in fall until spring

10
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Testudinidae

Tortoise

land turtles with high domed shells and elephantine feet

high domed shells may be an antipredator adaptation

<p>Tortoise</p><p>land turtles with high domed shells and elephantine feet</p><p>high domed shells may be an antipredator adaptation</p>
11
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Emydidae

Box and Pond turtles

Most semi-aquatic

Box turtles terrestrial

Mostly N hemisphere

<p>Box and Pond turtles</p><p>Most semi-aquatic</p><p>Box turtles terrestrial</p><p>Mostly N hemisphere</p>
12
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Pleurodira

Side neck turtles

Withdraws head by bending horizontally/to the side in front of one of the front legs

contains snake neck turtles (long neck and flippers) and mata mata turtles

<p>Side neck turtles</p><p>Withdraws head by bending horizontally/to the side in front of one of the front legs</p><p>contains snake neck turtles (long neck and flippers) and mata mata turtles</p>
13
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Trionychia

Soft shell turtle

Elongates snout

Shell covered with leathery skin

Dorsoventrally flattened shell

Webbed feet

<p>Soft shell turtle</p><p>Elongates snout</p><p>Shell covered with leathery skin</p><p>Dorsoventrally flattened shell</p><p>Webbed feet</p>
14
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Chelonoidea

Sea turtle

Paddle limbs

All endangered

Nest site fidelity

One species eats sponges

<p>Sea turtle</p><p>Paddle limbs</p><p>All endangered</p><p>Nest site fidelity</p><p>One species eats sponges</p>
15
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Chelydridae

Snapping turtles

Freshwater

Americas and SE asia

highly reduced plastron

Strong keeled scutes

<p>Snapping turtles</p><p>Freshwater</p><p>Americas and SE asia</p><p>highly reduced plastron</p><p>Strong keeled scutes</p>
16
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Kinosternidae

Mud and musk turtles

Americas

Porduces nasty scent when disturbed

smooth scales and large heads

<p>Mud and musk turtles</p><p>Americas</p><p>Porduces nasty scent when disturbed</p><p>smooth scales and large heads</p>