Nutrition: Exam 2

Amino acids differ from each other in what way?

A. The side chain

B. The center molecule

C. The number of carbon molecules

D. The number of hydrogen molecules

E. The group they belong to

A. The side chain

Carbohydrates and lipids are made up of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. Protein is made of those same molecules plus which of the following?

A. Iodine

B. Chloride

C. Magnesium

D. Nitrogen

E. Thiamin

D. Nitrogen

Protein is composed of which of the following?

A. Amino acids

B. Stomach acids

C. Nitric acids

D. Nucleic acids

E. Hydrochloric acid

A. Amino acids

Some protein bars have a high amount of carbohydrates from added sugars and are not actually the best source of protein.

A. True

B. False

B. False

Which of the following indicates a healthy eating pattern?

A. Increase sodium intake and decrease fruits and vegetables

B. Increase sodium intake and increase fruits and vegetables

C. Reduce sodium intake and increase fruits and vegetables

D. Reduce sodium intake and decrease fruits and vegetables

E. Reduce sodium intake, decrease fruits, and increase vegetables

C. Reduce sodium intake and increase fruits and vegetables

Which of the following would provide a low-cost alternative to protein bars?

A. A peanut butter sandwich on whole-grain bread with a sliced banana

B. A smoothie made from Greek yogurt and frozen fruit. Use the AMDRs for macronutrients as a guide to fill up the blender

C. Low fat cheese and crackers with an apple

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Consuming excess protein in the diet causes it to be dismantled and stored as body fat, or eliminated through urine output.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Protein stays in the stomach longer than carbohydrates do, resulting in which of the following?

A. You get hungry soon after eating.

B. Protein is harder to digest, so it erodes the stomach lining.

C. Protein causes you to crave sweets.

D. You gain weight.

E. You feel full longer.

E. You feel full longer.

Protein turnover means which of the following?

A. Turning protein over to cook.

B. Recycling amino acids.

C. Recycling plastics.

D. An amino acid pool.

E. Protein destruction.

B. Recycling amino acids.

The elderly may require more proteins in their diets to prevent significant muscle wasting.

A. True

B. False

A. True

The stomach contains which chemicals that digest protein?

A. Chyme and bile

B. Insulin and pancreatic juice

C. Hydrochloric acid and pepsin

D. Bile and pepsin

E. Chyme and hydrochloric acid

C. Hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Which of the following statements about fluid balance is TRUE?

A. To keep the water evenly distributed between blood and cells, proteins continuously circulate at high concentrations in the blood

B. Fluid balance refers to maintaining the distribution of water in the body

C. If too much water in the blood suddenly moves into a tissue, the results are swelling and potentially cell death.

D. Water always flows from an area of high concentration to one of a low concentration

E. All of the above are true

E. All of the above are true

Collagen the most abundant protein in the body plays a role which of the following functions?

A. Transportation

B. Fluid balance

C. Hormone flow

D. Enzyme flow

E. Structure and motion

E. Structure and motion

Protein-inadequate diets impair tissue regeneration, causing many health problems and impacted hair and nail growth by being deficient in amino acids that are used to create new cells.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Collagen is the least abundant protein in the body

A. True

B. False

B. False

If there is not enough protein in the diet, the immune system will draw upon fatty acids to create antibodies.

A. True

B. False

B. False

People who have diets high in animal protein are at higher risk for which of the following?

A. Kidney stones

B. Liver malfunction

C. Colorectal cancer

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

D. All of the above

What percentage of protein in the diet can lead to negative health consequences?

A. 30%

B. 25%

C. 20%

D. 15%

E. Less than 10%

E. Less than 10%

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Kwashiorkor affects millions of children worldwide.

B. Most children with kwashiorkor still die after the initiation of treatment.

C. Kwashiorkor often in children who have recently been weaned from the breast, and are fed a low protein porridge.

D. Kwashiorkor is characterized by swelling (edema) of the feet and abdomen, poor skin health, growth retardation, and low muscle mass.

E. None of the above statement is false.

E. None of the above statement is false.

Nitrogen in contained in some, but not all amino acids.

A. True

B. False

B. False

Soy and quinoa are two plant-based proteins that are complete.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat

B. Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

C. Increased intake of insoluble fiber can help to lower blood cholesterol levels.

D. The human digestive tract digests fiber into glucose molecules.

E. The use of sugar substitutes is not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration.

B. Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Which of the following foods are legumes?

A. Soybeans & black beans

B. Broccoli & Brussel sprouts

C. Apples & plums

D. Quinoa & sunflower seeds

A. Soybeans & black beans

Stacy is on the track team and her man event is the pole vault: she is engaged in a strength training program to improve her performance. She weights 110 pounds (50 kilograms). As part of a well-balanced diet, a good amount of protein for her to gain muscle mass, would be

A. 30 grams/day

B. 40 grams/day

C. 60-85 grams/day

D. 150-175 grams/day

E. She doesn't need protein, just healthy carbs and fat.

B. 40 grams/day

50 x .8

Peter's mother and father have type 2 diabetes. To reduce his risk of this disease, Peter should do all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. avoid gaining excess weight.

B. increase his intake of highly refined carbohydrates.

C. get plenty of physical activities.

D. consume a high-fiber diet.

E. eat foods with lower glycemic index.

B. increase his intake of highly refined carbohydrates.

It is healthy to have lower levels of all of the following EXCEPT:

A. LDL (low density lipoprotein)

B. CRP (C-reactive protein)

C. HDL (high density lipoprotein)

D. triglycerides

E. blood glucose

A. LDL (low density lipoprotein)

Which of the following plant foods have complete proteins in them?

A. quinoa and soy based foods

B. chia seeds and flaxseed meal

C. all legumes

D. nuts and sunflower seeds

E. Only animal proteins are complete.

A. quinoa and soy based foods

Which of the following characteristics or conditions does NOT increase a person's risk of cardiovascular disease?

A. carrying excess body fat

B. increasing age

C. having diabetes

D. high vegetable intake

E. smoking cigarettes

D. high vegetable intake

Bernice is a vegan. Which of the following foods will she eat?

A. eggs

B. cheese

C. trail mix of fruit, nuts, and seeds

D. fat-free milk

E. baked potato with sour cream

C. trail mix of fruit, nuts, and seeds

A high level of inflammation in the body lowers risk of cardiovascular disease.

A. True

B. False

B. False

Which of the following substances participates in the digestion of proteins?

A. amylase

B. lipase

C. pepsin

D. bile

E. All of the above

C. pepsin

At present, all type 1 diabetics must take insulin by injections or an insulin pump to manage their blood glucose levels.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of _____ fatty acids.

A. unsaturated

B. saturated

C. polyunsaturated

D. monounsaturated

B. saturated

A person needs more protein all of the following situations, EXCEPT:

A. periods of rapid growth.

B. when extremely sleep deprived.

C. during pregnancy.

D. when recovering from serious illness or injury.

E. when breastfeeding.

B. when extremely sleep deprived.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells.

B. Having high HDL cholesterol is associated with increased risk of heart disease.

C. A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels.

D. LDL transports cholesterol that tends to get deposited into blood vessel linings.

D. LDL transports cholesterol that tends to get deposited into blood vessel linings.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Marasmus is a protein-energy malnutrition that leaves a person looking like "skin and bones".

B. Diets that consistently have more than 30% of the calories, but not enough protein.

C. Little children with swollen bellies my have liver damage due to inadequate protein intake.

D. None of the above statements is false.

D. None of the above statements is false.

Which of the following are essential fatty acids?

A. polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids

B. cis and trans fatty acids

C. linoleic and (alpha -) linolenic fatty acids

D. chylomicrons and triglycerides

E. There are no essential fatty acids

C. linoleic and (alpha -) linolenic fatty acids

Every protein has nitrogen in its chemical structure.

A. True

B. False

A. True

The primary fuel for muscle cells, brain cells, and red blood cells is _____.

A. glycogen

B. fructose

C. glucose

D. starch

E. insulin

C. glucose

Theresa is concerned that her 10-year-old son may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is NOT a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?

A. blurry vision

B. increased thirst

C. weight loss

D. urinating less frequently than usual

E. increased appetite

D. urinating less frequently than usual

Protein energy malnutrition in young children can negatively impact them for the rest of their lives, even if they have adequate nutrition later in childhood.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Luis is 23 years of age and weighs 220 pounds (100 kg), and has an average activity level. Based on his body weight, his RDA for protein is ____ grams/day.

A. 80

B. 100

C. 120

D. 140

E. 220

A. 80

100 x .8

Fast releasing carbohydrates include starches and fiber, slow releasing carbohydrates are sugars.

A. True

B. False

B. False

The negative impact on a person's health begins when trans-fat consistently supplies more than 10% of his/her daily calories.

A. True

B. False

B. False

Blood glucose regulation is primarily managed by the pancreas releasing two hormones: _____ keeps the blood sugar level from going too low when you haven't eaten for a long time and _____ keeps it form going too high when you've consumed a lot of carbohydrate.

A. insulin, glucagon

B. glucagon, amylase

C. glucagon, insulin

D. sucrose, insulin

C. glucagon, insulin

Fred is a lacto-ovo-vegetarian. He will eat all of the following foods. EXCEPT:

A. eggs

B. cream of chicken soup

C. cheese

D. ice cream sundae

E. marinated mushrooms

B. cream of chicken soup

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Peanut oil, canola oil, and olive oil are all good sources of monounsaturated fat.

B. Most all trans fat in our food supply is created by hydrogenating liquid oils.

C. Coronary heart disease is rarely a cause of death in the U.S.A.

D. Most fat digestion occurs in the small intestines.

E None of the above are false.

C. Coronary heart disease is rarely a cause of death in the U.S.A.

Starch, Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose, or Glycogen:

long chains of glucose found in plant foods

Starch

Starch, Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose, or Glycogen:

glucose + glucose

Maltose

Starch, Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose, or Glycogen:

glucose + galactose

Lactose

Starch, Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose, or Glycogen:

glucose + fructose

Sucrose

Starch, Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose, or Glycogen:

long chains of glucose stored in the human body

Glycogen

Excessive intake of protein over time can lead to dehydration, liver and kidney damage, and loss of bone minerals.

A. True

B. False

A. True

DHA and EPA, fatty acids found in fish, play a role in reducing inflammation and preventing chronic disease.

A. True

B. False

A. True

All dietary fats contain a mixture of saturated, monosaturated, and polysaturated fatty acids, but generally one type is primary.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. Individuals should keep their saturated fat intake below 7% of their calories if they have any risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

B. A major source of trans-fat in the American diet is liquid oils.

C. Coconut oil is naturally rich source of cholesterol.

D. The amount of fat a person eats is far more important than the type of the fat he/she chooses to eat

C. Coconut oil is naturally rich source of cholesterol.

Connor has blocked blood vessels going to his brain. Because of this, he has high risk of _____.

A. cancer.

B. irritable bowel syndrome.

C. angina.

D. stroke.

D. stroke.

Metabolic syndrome is a concern in America because

A. it is very prevalent among those aged 40 and older.

B. it increases a person's risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

C. it increases a person's risk of developing heart disease.

D. All of the above

E. None of the above

D. All of the above

Erika is a vegan. To avoid developing a serious nutritional deficiency, the needs to make a special effort to include a source of _____ in her diet.

A. vitamin A

B. fiber

C. magnesium

D. folate

E. vitamin B-12

E. vitamin B-12

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. A saturated fat has one triple bond between two carbons in the fatty acid chain.

B. A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chain.

C. The omega end of a fatty acid determines the degree to which the fat will be absorbed.

D. A triglyceride has three fatty acids attached to a cholesterol "backbone" molecule.

B. A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the fatty acid chain.

When more calories are consumed than are needed the extra energy is stored as triglycerides in adipose cells.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Replacing saturated fat with monounsaturated fat can help lower LDL without lowering HDL.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Leah's parents are concerned their five-year-old will develop tooth decay if she chews gum that is sweetened with sugar. Based on this information, Leah's parents should buy chewing gum that is sweetened with _____.

A. brown sugar

B. xyfitol

C. sucrose

D. high fructose corn syrup

B. xyfitol

Amanda consumes approximately 2500 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for the general public, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than _____ kcal/day.

A. 150

B. 250

C. 350

D. 450

E. 875

B. 250

2500 x .1

Which of the following foods is NOT naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids?

A. ground beef

B. walnuts and flaxseeds

C. canned salmon

D. tuna fish

A. ground beef

Which of the following statements is false?

A. When a person doesn't consume enough carbohydrate in their diet, the body will make glucose from amino acids.

B. The Accurate Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for carbohydrate is 45-65% of your daily calories.

C. Women who have gestational diabetes are at increased risk of delivering low birth weight babies.

D. Glycemic index is a measure of the effects of a carbohydrate containing food on blood glucose levels.

E. Women who have gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.

C. Women who have gestational diabetes are at increased risk of delivering low birth weight babies.

High quality proteins get their label 'high quality' because

A. they taste better than low quality protein.

B. they have more nitrogen in them than low quality proteins.

C. they have peptide bonds that are more easily digested.

D. they have a good ratio of all nine essential amino acids.

E. None of the above is true of high quality proteins.

D. they have a good ratio of all nine essential amino acids.

In the body, lipids are important for all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. maintaining body temperature by providing insulation against extreme temperatures.

B. regulating hormones.

C. stimulating the production of vitamins and minerals.

D. storing energy

E. cushioning vital organs.

B. regulating hormones.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

A. Many hormones, including insulin, are proteins.

B. Proteins in your body help maintain proper fluid balance & acid-base balance

C. Proteins are your cells' primary energy source

D. Hemoglobin and lipoproteins are examples of proteins used for transport

E. None of the above statements is false

E. None of the above statements is false

Proteins:

A. are made up of amino acids.

B. have iron in their chemical structures

C. provide about 7 kcal/gram

D. are the primary source of antioxidants in the diet

E. All of the above are true

A. are made up of amino acids.

Unsaturated fats in the diet provide fatty acids to make healthier cell membranes which are more insulin sensitive, thereby reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome and diabetes.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Which of the following types of bread is MOST likely to have the highest fiber content?

A. white sandwich bread

B. 100% whole wheat bread

C. whole wheat bread

D. wheat sandwich bread

B. 100% whole wheat bread

Which of the following is NOT a result of consuming a high fiber diet?

A. High fiber diets may lower the risk of obesity

B. High fiber diets may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes

C. High fiber diets may increase mineral absorption form food.

D. High fiber diets may lower the risk of many gastrointestinal disorders.

E. High fiber diets may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease.

C. High fiber diets may increase mineral absorption form food.

Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise _____% of his total energy intake each day.

A. 5 to 15%

B. 15 to 25%

C. 20 to 35%

D. 35 to 45%

C. 20 to 35%

Shane's waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure is consistently high, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl. Based on this information, Shawn has

A. metabolic syndrome

B. lactose intolerance

C. celiac disease

D. diverticulosis

E. three totally unrelated conditions.

A. metabolic syndrome

Which of the following characteristics increases a person's risk of type 2 diabetes?

A. having northern European ancestry

B. being taller than average

C. weighing more than the healthy weight range, BMI>27

D. having a lower than average waist circumference

C. weighing more than the healthy weight range, BMI>27

Which of the following lists contain foods which are all excellent sources of starch?

A. liver, apples, and cheese

B. eggs, fat-free milk, and honey

C. beef, seafood, and roast chicken

D. corn, potatoes, and rice

D. corn, potatoes, and rice

In an effort to cut back on saturated fats, Josie should do all the following, EXCEPT:

A. choose leaner cuts of meat

B. add cheese to all of her casserole recipes

C. switch to lower fat milk

D. drain off the drippings from cooked meat

E. trim away visible fat on meat

B. add cheese to all of her casserole recipes

Which of the following provides the best report of blood lipids?

A. total cholesterol= 165, HDL= 54, LDL= 86, triglycerides= 125

B. total cholesterol= 195, HDL= 30, LDL= 145, triglycerides= 190

C. total cholesterol= 250, HDL= 51, LDL= 171, triglycerides= 450

D. total cholesterol= 250, HDL= 51, LDL= 171, triglycerides= 450

E. total cholesterol= 450, HDL= 61, LDL= 240, triglycerides= 275

A. total cholesterol= 165, HDL= 54, LDL= 86, triglycerides= 125

If your diet supplies more carbohydrate than you need to fuel your cells, the excess glucose will be _____.

A. converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy.

B. metabolized to form ketone bodies and excreted by the kidneys.

C. unabsorbed by the digestive tract and eliminated in bowel movements.

D. stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

D. stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

How severe is protein deficiency in the US?

A. Frequent

B. Rare

C. Very common

D. Never occurs

E. Low protein intake occurs, but cases are not severe.

B. Rare

Which of the following statements about protein is FALSE?

A. The protein food group consists of meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, soy, bans, peas, and seeds.

B. Different protein sources differ in their nutrient profile, so a variety is important

C. Daily intake of protein isn't important to health, as the body has many storage forms of protein

D. Some animal-based protein-rich foods have an unhealthy amount of saturated fat and cholesterol

E. All of the above are true.

C. Daily intake of protein isn't important to health, as the body has many storage forms of protein

Nutrition experts recommend athletes consume some protein within one hour after exercise to enhance muscle tissue repair.

A. True

B. False

A. True

A person is sarcopenic when his/her amount of muscle tissue is significantly lower than the average value for a healthy person of the same age.

A. True

B. False

A. True

Most plant-based foods are deficient in at least one essential amino acid and therefore are incomplete protein sources.

A. True

B. False

A. True

A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from

A. hyperglycemia.

B. celiac disease.

C. an infection or virus.

D. type 2 diabetes.

C. an infection or virus.

Which of the following is NOT a long term complication from uncontrolled diabetes?

A. Cardiovascular disease

B. Kidney disease

C. Blindness

D. Amputation of toes

E. All of the above are potential complications.

E. All of the above are potential complications.

As a 22 year old college student should get about 40-55% of her total energy intake from protein.

A. True

B. False

B. False

10-35%

Lauren wants to lower her risk of cardiovascular disease. Based on this information, she should do all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. reduce her intake of whole-grain products.

B. become more physically active

C. limit her intake of butter and fatty meats

D. limit her intake of butter and fatty meats

E. limit her alcohol intake to a moderate level

A. reduce her intake of whole-grain products.