Exam 3

Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TEE)

The total number of calories burned in a day, comprising basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, exercise activity thermogenesis, and non-exercise activity thermogenesis.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The number of calories burned while at rest, which supports basic bodily functions like breathing and circulation.

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

The calories burned during the process of digesting and metabolizing food.

Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (EAT)

Calories burned during planned, structured physical activities such as workouts.

Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT)

Calories burned during daily activities that are not structured exercise, such as walking or fidgeting.

How can we increase Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TEE)?

By becoming more physically active consistently.

Indirect Calorimetry

A method to estimate energy expenditure by measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

Pros of Indirect Calorimetry

Generally cheaper, faster, and more practical to use.

Cons of Indirect Calorimetry

Less accurate than direct methods and primarily used in laboratory settings.

Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER)

The ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed, which indicates metabolic processes.

What is EPOC and why is it important?

Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption; it reflects the amount of oxygen used to recover after exercising and indicates recovery efficiency.

Lactate Threshold

The point at which lactate starts to accumulate in the blood, often considered to occur at around 50-70% of VO2 max for trained individuals.

Exercise Economy

The energy demand for a given velocity of exercise; improved economy means less energy is required to maintain a certain pace.

Fick Equation (VO2=avO2 diff * CO)

An equation describing how oxygen consumption is determined by the differences in oxygen content between arterial and venous blood and cardiac output.

What happens to stroke volume with exercise?

Stroke volume increases due to a higher preload from increased blood volume returning to the heart.

VO2 Max

The maximum amount of oxygen the body can utilize during intense exercise; the best indicator of aerobic fitness.

Angiogenesis

The formation of new blood vessels, which improves oxygen transport to tissues.

Specific muscle adaptations following aerobic training

Increased muscle fiber size, number of capillaries, and myoglobin content.

Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia

Hypertrophy refers to the increase in muscle fiber size, while hyperplasia refers to the formation of new muscle fibers.

What is transient hypertrophy?

The temporary increase in muscle size following a workout due to fluid accumulation.

Nutrition's role in muscle hypertrophy

Adequate protein intake, particularly around 25 grams every 2-3 hours, enhances muscle protein synthesis.