A&P1 Ch5 Tissues

Epithelial Tissue (1)

• Avascular [doesn’t have blood vessels]

• Little matrix

• Cells may show polarity

• free apical space and has a basement membrane

Simple squamos Epithelial

Location: lungs, blood+lymphatic vessels

Function: diffusion, filtration,secretion, absorption

Simple Cuboidal Epithelial

Location: liver, kidney tubules, glands/ducts

Function: secretion, absorption, production+movement of mucus

Simple Columnar Epithelial

Location: glands, uterus, uterine tube, stomach intestine

Function: Secretion, absroption, movement [ciliated cells]

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelial

Location: nasal sinuses, trachea, bronchi

Function: synthesize + secrete mucus, moves mucus

[contain cilia]

Transitional Epithelial

Location: lining of the urinary bladder, ureters

Function: protection, allows stretching of the urinary bladder

Stratified Squamos Epithelial

Location: epidermis, oral cavity, esophagus, vagina

Function: resits abrasions, prevents infection, retards water loss

Connective Tissue (2)

• abundant in matrix

• specialized cells

• composed of extracellular protein fibers + ground substance

Loose Connective Tissue

• Areolar

  • Location:under epithelia

  • Function: cushions organs, holds + conveys tissue fluid

• Adipose 

  • White [yellow] fat: most abudant, white at birth and yellows with age.

  • Brown fat: found in axillae, neck and near kidneys

• Reticular

  • Location: spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, bone marrow

  • Function: internal skeleton for soft organs

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

• Tendon [muscles to bones]

• Ligaments [bones to bones]

• collagen fibers run in parallel + tightly packed

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

• Location: dermis+sheath, around cartilage + bone

• Function: provide strength + resists stress + stata against tearing

Hyaline Cartilage [connective tissue]

• Location: Rib cage, trachea, bronchi, end of longs bones

• Function: reduces friction at joints+ keeps air passages open

Most common cartilage

Elastic Cartilage [connective tissue]

• Location: external ear, epiglottis

• Function: maintains shape while allowing flexibility

Fibrocartilage [connective tissue]

• Location: knee, jaw, between vertebrae [ where great pressure/stress is applied to joints] 

• Function: protects from wear and tear at weight-bearing

Spongy Bone [connective tissue]

• Location: inside bones, end of bones

• Function: reduce weight of bones. act as a shock absorber

Compact Bone [connective tissue]

• Location: on periphery of bones

• Function: supports + protects organs

Fluid Connective Tissue

• Blood

  • Function: transport gases, nutrients, hormones, water, immunity 

Muscle Tissue (3)

• specialized for contraction

• highly Vascular

Skeletal Muscle 

• multinucleated cells

• Striated Voluntary muscle

• Cannont divide

• Location: attached to bones

• Function: locomotion, facial expression

Cardiac Muscle

• Striated INvoluntary muscle

• intercalated disc

• Cannot Divide

• Location: walls of heart

• Function: propels blood into circulation

Smooth Muscle

• NON-Striated INvoluntary muscle

• single nucleus

• Can divide +regenerate

• Location: wall of hollow organs[stomach, intestines]

• Function: propels substances or baby along internal passageways

Nervous Tissue (4)

• Conducts electrical impusles

• conveys information from one area to another

Neurons

• Transmit information

• generate action potentials

Neuroglia

• support neural tissue

• help supply nutrients to neurons

Neural Anatomy 

• Cell Body

• Dendrites

• Axon [nerve fiber]

  • carries info to other neurons

  • muti,bi, uni polar

Dendrites + Axon = neuron processes

Tight Junction

2 cells are Tighly drawn together with Interlocking Proteins. 

Prevents passage of substances between them 

Desmosomes

strong “button like” or “belt like” protein attachments that are hard to break

Gap Junctions

2 cells are tightly drawn with proteins that form channels between cells

allow ions + small moelcules to pass between cells

Tissue Growth Terms

• Hyperplasia: cellular multiplication, not cellular enlargement

• Hypertrophy: cellular enlargement, not cellular multiplication

• Neoplasia: abnormal growth of new tissue, tumor

• Atrophy: shrinkage of tissue due to age, disuse, disease

• Necrosis: pathological tissue death, infection, trauma, hypoxia

• Apoptosis: programmed cell deathGa

Exocrine Glands

secrete through ducts onto the body surface or into a cavity [sweat glands]

Endocrine Glands

release hormones into surrounding fluid [adrenal gland]

Merocrine [eccrine]

product released through exocytosis [sweat glands]

apocrine

involves the loss of both product and cytoplasm [milk glands]

holocrine

destroys the cell [sevaceous gland]