Physics Quiz Check In - Circuits

circuit requirments

• a power source to move charges through the circuit. This serves as an electron pump, supplying energy, not electrons.

• Circuit needs complete conductive lopp, from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of the power source

• A resistive load in the circuit that uses the energy from the electrons

circuit diagram symbols - power source

supplies energy to the electrons —-| │—

circuit diagram symbols - wires

conductive connections ——-

circuit diagram symbols - switch

connect/disconnect wires

circuit diagram symbols - resistors

use the energy in the circuits

circuit diagram symbols - bulb

uses up energy and converts to light and heat

circuit diagram symbols - voltmeter

measures voltage drops and gains

circuit diagram symbols - Ammeter

measures current flow

current

flow of electrons

current path

a path that an electron could take starting from the power source going out through the circuit and back to the other side of the power source

series

two objects wired in SERIES are on the same current path

parallel

two objects wired in PARALLEL are on separate current paths

short circuit

a path of NO resistance (just a wire, no bulb) that will draw all current away from other possible paths

*dangerous: the unresisted electrons drastically increase current flow

current

rate of flow of charge

symbol for current

the symbol for current is I

unit for current

the unit for current is “Amp” Ampere (A)

what is an amp

amp= coulomb worth of electrons passing a point each second (C/s)

Ammeter

measures current flow, wired in series

junction rule (for current)

at any point in a circuit the total incoming and total outgoing current must be equal

voltage drops and gains (electric potential difference)

is the charge in amount of electric potential energy per coulomb of charge

drop

electrons naturally lose energy where there is resisance

gain

power source does work to increase energy

symbol for voltage

symbol for voltage is v

unit for voltage

unit for voltage is volt (v)

what is a volt

a volt is a joule of energy per coulomb of charge (J/c)

voltmeter

meausres voltage drops or gains, wired in parallel

loop rule (for voltage)

going around a complete current path, all the voltage drops must add up to equal the voltage gains

how to calculate power output

• power tells us how quickly energy is converted out of the circuit (Watt=J/s)

• To calucute the power output for a given resistance: P=IV

power

rate at which a resistor does work converting energy

symbol for power

symbol for power is P

Unit for power

unit for power is watt (W)

what is a watt

watt is a joule of electric potential energy converted into light, heat, or KE per sec (J/s)

resistance (where voltage drops occur)

the measure of how much of an insultor something is

symbol for resistance

the symbol for resistance is R

unit for resistance

unit for resistance is Ohm (Ω)

what is an ampere equivalent to

an ampere is equivalent to C/s

what is a Watt equivalent to

a watt is equilvalent to J/s