Clinical Immunology and Serology: Molecular Diagnostic Techniques

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on Molecular Diagnostic Techniques.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Nucleic acid that carries the primary genetic information within chromosomes.

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Nucleic acid that helps convert the genetic information encoded within DNA into proteins.

Nucleotide

The building block of DNA and RNA, composed of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group.

Electrophoresis

A laboratory procedure that involves the movement of charged particles under an electric field, used for separating nucleic acids.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

A method used to make millions of copies of a specific DNA sample quickly, allowing for detailed study.

Mutation

A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, which may be associated with disease.

Hybridization

A method used to detect specific nucleic acid sequences by forming base pairs with complementary nucleic acid strands.

DNA replication

The process by which a DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical double-stranded molecules.

mRNA (Messenger RNA)

Type of RNA that carries the code from DNA for protein synthesis.

tRNA (Transfer RNA)

Type of RNA that transports amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

rRNA (Ribosomal RNA)

Type of RNA that is a component of ribosomes and helps in the synthesis of proteins.

Strand cleavage methods

Techniques used to cut nucleic acids at specific locations, facilitating analysis or manipulation.